Longitudinal in Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Infected and Activated Brain Macrophages in a Macaque Model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis Correlates with Central and Peripheral Markers of Encephalitis and Areas of Synaptic Degeneration

• DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070967
• Publication Date: 2008-05-09T01:58:12Z
• Authors: Sriram Venneti; Dafna Bonneh-Barkay; Brian J. Lopresti; Stephanie J. Bissel; Guoji Wang; Chester A. Mathis; Michael Piatak; Jeffrey D. Lifson; Julia O. Nyaundi; Michael Murphey-Corb; Clayton A. Wiley
• Keywords: Simian immunodeficiency virus

Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis is characterized by infiltration of the brain with infected and activated macrophages; however, it not known why disease occurs after variable lengths infection in 25% immunosuppressed acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. We determined vivo correlates (in peripheral blood central nervous system) for development progression lentiviral longitudinally following macrophages using positron emission tomography (PET). Using human postmortem tissues from both lentivirus-infected encephalitic patients cell culture systems, we showed that PET ligand [(3)H](R)-PK11195 bound specifically to virus-infected macrophages. imaged a cohort macaques simian [(11)C](R)-PK11195. [(11)C](R)-PK11195 retention correlated viral burden cerebrospinal fluid, regions presynaptic postsynaptic damage. Finally, longitudinal changes circulating monocytes as well natural killer memory CD4(+) T cells periphery. Our results suggest specific subtypes A combination imaging assessment these parameters may facilitate living evaluation therapeutic efficacies.