Monoclonal antibody-based localization of major diagnostic antigens in metacestode tissue, excretory/secretory products, and extracellular vesicles of Echinococcus species

• DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1162530
• Publication Date: 2023-03-16T07:04:04Z
• Authors: Philipp A. Kronen...; Michael Reinehr; Ramon Marc Eichen...; Sina Hasler; Teivi Laurimäe; Achim Weber; Ansgar Deibel; Beat Müllhaupt; Bruno Gottstein; Norbert Müller; Andrew Hemphill; Peter Deplazes
• Keywords: Echinococcus multilocularis; Metacestode; Excretory system

Alveolar (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are severe parasitic zoonoses caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus multilocularis E. granulosus sensu lato , respectively. A panel 7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was selected against major diagnostic epitopes both species. The binding capacity mAbs to spp. excretory/secretory products (ESP) analyzed sandwich-ELISA, where mAb Em2G11 EmG3 detected in vitro extravesicular ESP s.s. These findings were subsequently confirmed detection circulating a subset serum samples from infected hosts including humans. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) purified, sandwich-ELISA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used confirm EVs intravesicular fluid vesicles. specificity ELISA corresponded immunohistochemical staining (IHC-S) patterns performed on human AE CE liver sections. Antigenic small particles designated as ‘‘spems’’ for ‘‘spegs’’ s.l. stained IgM IgG1 AgB, 2B2, while reacted with spems Eg2 spegs only. laminated layer (LL) species strongly visualized using 2B2. LL specifically In germinal (GL), protoscoleces, wide pattern all structures observed Em18. GL displayed strong specific binding, exhibited weak granular reaction. most notable IHC-S found Em18, which solely bound protoscoleces potentially primary cells. To conclude, represent valuable tools visualization antigens important species, well providing insights into parasite-host interactions pathogenesis.