Genetical, Morphological, Behavioral, and Ecological Traits Support the Existence of Three Brazilian Species of the Anastrepha fraterculus Complex of Cryptic Species

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.836608
• Publication Date: 2022-04-27T13:23:06Z
• Authors: Denise Selivon; André Luiz P. Per...; Vicente Hernández...; Francisca Carolin...; Agustin Camacho; Fernando R. Gomes; Leandro F. Prezotto
• Keywords: Species complex; Anastrepha

Within the Neotropical genus Anastrepha , nominal species fraterculus is widely distributed from Mexico through northern Argentina. Currently it believed to comprises a complex of at least eight cryptic species—known as (AF complex)—three which occur in Brazil: A . sp.1 aff. sp.2 and sp.3 In this study, we present results broad integrated analysis multiple biological attributes samples three collected sympatric areas. Analyses mitotic chromosomes confirm that all them differ sex chromosomes, relative frequency distinct karyotypes associated with variation altitude. these areas, single female hybrid karyotype was detected within significant sample individuals. Population were analyzed for ribosomal transcribed spacer ITS1, confirming have specific sequence types. Observations reproductive behavior under laboratory conditions revealed mate early morning, while mates middle day. bimodal distribution mating time observed hybrids, obtained between sp.3. choice experiment, most pairs homospecific. addition, list frequent hosts geographical occurrence, bioclimatic model their potential generated. The set data allowed construction explanatory hypothesis about pattern differential use host fruits. Morphometric analyses wings clearly demonstrated differences among species, both males females. Based on wing image A. ( Wiedemann, 1830 ) type specimen, morphometric indicated specimen would correspond male information provided by report not only useful taxonomic purposes, but also reveals aspects be considered any reconstruction an evolutionary scenario complex.