BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in children alters cytokine responses to heterologous pathogens and Toll-like receptor agonists

• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242380
• Publication Date: 2023-08-25T17:58:20Z
• Authors: Andrés Noé; Thanh D. Dang; Christine Axelrad; Emma Burrell; Susie Germano; Sonja Elia; David Burgner; Kirsten P. Perrett; Nigel Curtis; Nicole L. Messina
• Keywords: Heterologous

Vaccines can have beneficial off-target (heterologous) effects that alter immune responses to, and protect against, unrelated infections. The heterologous of COVID-19 vaccines not been investigated in children.To investigate specific immunological BNT162b2 vaccination children.A whole blood stimulation assay was used to vitro cytokine stimulants (killed pathogens, Toll-like receptor ligands) SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Samples from 29 children, aged 5-11 years, before 28 days after a second were analysed (V2 + 28). eight children six months vaccination.At V2 28, interferon-γ monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, BCG vaccine, H. influenzae, hepatitis B antigen, poly(I:C) R848 stimulations decreased compared pre-vaccination. For most these stimulants, IL-6, IL-15 IL-17 also decreased. There sustained decreases viral, but bacterial, vaccination. Cytokine irradiated SARS-CoV-2, spike glycoprotein subunits (S1 S2) increased at for cytokines remained higher than pre-vaccination 6 S1. no correlation between vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV2-receptor binding domain IgG antibody titre responses.BNT162b2 alters particularly one month This study is the first report children.