Viruses Without Borders: Global Analysis of the Population Structure, Haplotype Distribution, and Evolutionary Pattern of Iris Yellow Spot Orthotospovirus (Family Tospoviridae, Genus Orthotospovirus)

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633710
• Publication Date: 2021-09-20T06:40:08Z
• Authors: Afsha Tabassum; S. V. Ramesh; Ying Zhai; Romana Iftikhar; Cristian Olaya; Hanu R. Pappu
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; genetic recombination; 03 medical and health sciences; BEAST; evolutionary genomics; genetic differentiation; iris yellow spot orthotospovirus; gene flow; Microbiology; QR1-502; 3. Good health

Iris yellow spot, caused by spot orthotospovirus (IYSV) (Genus: Orthotospovirus , Family: Tospoviridae ), is an important disease of Allium spp. The complete N gene sequences 142 IYSV isolates curated sequence data from GenBank were used to determine the genetic diversity and evolutionary pattern. In silico restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, codon-based maximum likelihood studies, differentiation flow within populations genotypes investigated. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was carried out estimate rate. RFLP categorized into two major viz ., Netherlands (IYSV NL ; 55.63%), Brazil BR 38.73%) rest fell in neither group [IYSV other 5.63%)]. Phylogenetic tree largely corroborated results clustered genotypes. Genetic test revealed be more diverse than . are under purifying selection population expansion, whereas showed decreasing size hence appear balancing selection. least differentiated compared genotype based on nucleotide diversity. Three putative recombinant events found RDP however, RAT substantiated among them. marginal mean substitution rate 5.08 × 10 –5 subs/site/year 95% highest posterior density (HPD) between 5.11 5.06 Findings suggest that continues evolve using expansion strategies. rates identified similar plant RNA viruses.