Crisis averted: a world united against the menace of multiple drug-resistant superbugs -pioneering anti-AMR vaccines, RNA interference, nanomedicine, CRISPR-based antimicrobials, bacteriophage therapies, and clinical artificial intelligence strategies to safeguard global antimicrobial arsenal

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270018
• Publication Date: 2023-11-30T08:51:08Z
• Authors: Umar Saeed; Rawal Alies Insaf; Zahra Zahid Piracha; Muhammad Nouman T...; Azka Sohail; Umer Ali Abbasi; Muhammad Shahmeer...; Syed Shayan Gilani; Seneen Noor; Elyeen Noor; Yasir Waheed; Maryam Wahid; Muzammil Hasan Najmi; Imran Fazal
• Keywords: Phage therapy

The efficacy of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in combating bacterial infections faces a grave peril the form resistance (AMR), an exceedingly pressing global health issue. emergence dissemination drug-resistant bacteria can be attributed to rampant overuse misuse antibiotics, leading dire consequences such as organ failure sepsis. Beyond realm individual health, pervasive specter AMR casts its ominous shadow upon economy society at large, resulting protracted hospital stays, elevated medical expenditures, diminished productivity, with particularly for vulnerable populations. It is abundantly clear that addressing this threat necessitates concerted international endeavor encompassing optimization antibiotic deployment, pursuit novel compounds therapeutic strategies, enhancement surveillance monitoring resistant strains, assurance universal access efficacious treatments. In ongoing struggle against encroaching menace, phage-based therapies, strategically tailored combat AMR, offer formidable line defense. Furthermore, alluring pathway forward development vaccines lies utilization virus-like particles (VLPs), which have demonstrated their remarkable capacity elicit robust immune response infections. VLP-based vaccinations, characterized by absence genetic material non-infectious nature, present markedly safer more stable alternative conventional immunization protocols. Encouragingly, preclinical investigations yielded promising results VLP targeting pivotal implicated crisis, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile. Notwithstanding undeniable potential vaccines, challenges persist, identification suitable markers vaccination prospect pathogens evolving mechanisms thwart response. Nonetheless, holds great promise relentless fight underscoring need sustained research endeavors. quest marshal potent defenses pave way visionary innovations, cutting-edge techniques incorporate RNA interference, nanomedicine, integration artificial intelligence are currently under rigorous scrutiny.