A robust self-referenced 2D nyquist ghost correction for different MRI-biomarker measurements based on multi-band interleaved EPI

• DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.1057572
• Publication Date: 2023-01-04T21:08:46Z
• Authors: Xiaoxi Liu; Shihui Chen; Di Cui; Edward S. Hui; Queenie Chan; Nan-Kuei Chen; Hing-Chiu Chang
• Keywords: Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem; Echo-planar imaging; Single shot

Purpose: To enable 2D Nyquist ghost correction for multi-band interleaved echo-planar imaging (EPI) without reference scan. Methods: phase errors between positive and negative echo were directly measured from the EPI data acquired with alternating readout polarity, then corrected by using multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE) framework. The proposed method was tested on brain under different multi-shot factors (4, 8, 16). In addition, corrections zoomed-FOV, reduced-FOV, or 3D also performed method. performance of our assessed single-to-noise ratio (SNR) ghost-to-signal (GSR), compared an iterative g-factor penalty associated error evaluated. feasibility evaluated in diffusion MRI multi-echo fMRI where quantitative biomarkers high quality are desired. Results: successfully suppressed artifacts factors, acquisitions, reduced-FOV. Compared method, showed lower GSR comparable SNR performance. Through simulation, less than 9% overall loss a maximum y-linear <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> . residual aliasing artifact effectively eliminated (ADC, FA dynamic T2*) when applying fMRI. Conclusion: can perform robust scan, thus be generalized based acquisitions applications.