Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Palatal Epithelium Regulate Tenascin-C Expression in Palatal Mesenchyme During Soft Palate Development

• DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00532
• Publication Date: 2020-06-04T05:09:43Z
• Authors: Shirabe Ohki; Kyoko Oka; Kayoko Ogata; Shigeru Okuhara; Mihoko Rikitake; Masako Toda-Nakamura; Shougo Tamura; Masao Ozaki; Sachiko Iseki; Takayoshi Sakai
• Keywords: Mesenchyme; Tenascin; Tenascin C

During palatogenesis, the palatal shelves first grow vertically on either side of tongue before changing their direction growth to horizontal. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in these dynamic changes shelf morphology. Tenascin-C (TNC) is ECM glycoprotein that shows unique expression posterior part shelf, but little known about regulation TNC expression. Since transforming factor-beta-3 (TGF-β3) and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling are play roles we investigated whether TGF-β3 SHH involved developing palate. increased mRNA protein primary mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells (MEPM) obtained from mesenchyme dissected at day 13.5-14.0. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry experiments revealed was diminished K14-cre;Tgfbr2 fl/fl mice lack TGF-β type II receptor epithelial exhibit cleft soft palate, whereas maintained Wnt1-cre;Tgfbr2 a complete also MEPM cells. However, although up-regulated O9-1 (a cranial neural crest cell line), did not. Furthermore, inhibited osteoblastic differentiation markers (osterix alkaline phosphatase) induced fibroblastic (fibronectin periostin) cells, not affect showed Shh-/+ ;MFCS4 +/- mice, which have deficient epithelium. Taken together, our findings support proposal epithelium co-ordinate through paracrine mechanism. This signal cascade may work later stage palatogenesis when differentiated into fibroblast-like spatiotemporal ECM-related proteins by contribute only tissue construction or determination along anterior-posterior axis shelves.