The Impact of Study-at-Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Myopia Progression in Chinese Children

• DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.720514
• Publication Date: 2022-01-06T07:24:48Z
• Authors: Dandan Ma; Shifei Wei; Shi-Ming Li; Xiaohui Yang; Kai Cao; Jianping Hu; Xiaoxia Peng; Ruohua Yan; Jing Fu; Andrzej Grzybowski; Zi-Bing Jin; Ningli Wang
• Keywords: China; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; myopia progression; cycloplegic spherical equivalent; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; children; Myopia; Humans; study-at-home; Public Health; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Child; Pandemics

Background: To assess the impact of study-at-home during the COVID-19 pandemic on myopia development in Chinese schoolchildren.Methods: This historical cohort involved two groups with a total of 154 children. The exposed group was formed from 77 children aged 8 to 10 years who studied at home in the 7-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic (follow-up period: January – August 2020) and did not study at home in the 7-month period before the COVID-19 outbreak (baseline period: July 2019 – January 2020). Seventy-seven children who did not undergo study-at-home (baseline period: 7 months in 2015, follow-up period: 7 months in 2016) were included in the control group. Cycloplegic refraction, axial length and uncorrected visual acuity were measured 3 times. The questionnaire mainly focused on collecting visual habits.Results: Myopia progression was similar between the two groups in the baseline period. However, in the follow-up period the exposed group had a greater change in refraction toward myopia (−0.83 ± 0.56 D) than the control group (−0.28 ± 0.54 D; p < 0.001). In addition, the exposed group exhibited a significantly greater change in refraction toward myopia in the follow-up period (−0.83 ± 0.56 D) than in the baseline period (−0.33 ± 0.46 D; p < 0.001). Difference-in-difference analysis indicated that study-at-home accelerated the change in refraction toward myopia (t = −0.567; p < 0.001).Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic study-at-home accelerated the change of refraction toward myopia in children.