Social determinants of health predict readmission following COVID-19 hospitalization: a health information exchange-based retrospective cohort study

• DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352240
• Publication Date: 2024-03-27T04:37:55Z
• Authors: Micaela N. Sandoval; Jennifer L. Mikhail; Melyssa K. Fink; Guillermo A. Tort...; Tru Cao; Ryan Ramphul; Junaid Husain; Eric Boerwinkle
• Keywords: Adult; Health Information Exchange; Social Determinants of Health; infectious disease; 610; 613; Social and Behavioral Sciences; Patient Readmission; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Humans; Place and Environment; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; healthcare utilization; United States; clinical outcomes; Hospitalization; social determinants of health; epidemiology; Public Health; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270

IntroductionSince February 2020, over 104 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or COVID-19, with over 8.5 million reported in the state of Texas. This study analyzed social determinants of health as predictors for readmission among COVID-19 patients in Southeast Texas, United States.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted investigating demographic and clinical risk factors for 30, 60, and 90-day readmission outcomes among adult patients with a COVID-19-associated inpatient hospitalization encounter within a regional health information exchange between February 1, 2020, to December 1, 2022.Results and discussionIn this cohort of 91,007 adult patients with a COVID-19-associated hospitalization, over 21% were readmitted to the hospital within 90 days (n = 19,679), and 13% were readmitted within 30 days (n = 11,912). In logistic regression analyses, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian patients were less likely to be readmitted within 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7–0.9, and aOR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8–0.8), while non-Hispanic Black patients were more likely to be readmitted (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.1, p = 0.002), compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Area deprivation index displayed a clear dose–response relationship to readmission: patients living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to be readmitted within 30 (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.2), 60 (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.2–1.2), and 90 days (aOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2), compared to patients from the least disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our findings demonstrate the lasting impact of COVID-19, especially among members of marginalized communities, and the increasing burden of COVID-19 morbidity on the healthcare system.