CacaoFIT: the network of cacao field trials in Latin America and its contribution to sustainable cacao farming in the region

• DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1370275
• Publication Date: 2024-07-12T15:39:01Z
• Authors: Luis Orozco-Aguilar; Arlene Lopez-Sampson; Rolando H. Cerda; Fernando Casanoves; Oscar Ramirez-Arg...; Javier Diaz Matute; Juan Carlos Suáre...; Johanna Rüegg; Stephane Saj; Joaquin Milz; Ulf Schneidewind; Argenis Mora Garces; Eliana Baez Daza; Jairo Rojas Molina; Yeirme Jaimes Suarez; Genaro A. Agudelo...; Olivier Deheuvels; Enelvi Brito Sosa; Jaime Hinojosa Gómez; Ramon E. Jaimez; Sophya Reyes Espi...; Melanie Bordeaux; Carlos Caicedo Va...; Leider Tinoco; Geover Peña Monse...; Julian Perez Flores; Alfonso Azpeitia ...; Cesar O. Arevalo-...; Enrique Arevalo G...; Luis E. Pocasangre; Osmary Araque; Athina Koutouleas; Eufemia Segura Ma...; Omar Dominguez; Paula Arenas; Lorena Sotopinto; Marisela Salgado-...; Antonio Gama-Rodr...; Emanuela Gama-Rod...; Annelle Holder; Gideon Ramtahal; Pathmanathan Umah...; Manfred Willy Muller; Fernando Texeira ...; Eduardo Somarriba
• Keywords: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences; 570; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33538; aménagement forestier; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1767; 630; Food processing and manufacture; agroforestry; physiologie végétale; réseau de recherche; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7648; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33990; Tectona grandis; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020; Theobroma cacao; TX341-641; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1320; agroforesterie; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25189; Nutrition. Foods and food supply; cacao trials; ombrage; TP368-456; sustainability; agroécosystème; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4221; agroforestry cacao trials on-farm research perennial crops sustainability; Hevea brasiliensis; Latin America; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1070; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7713; expérimentation au champ; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32372; Crop husbandry; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16129; on-farm research; perennial crops

A network of agronomists, researchers, and practitioners associated with cacao farming provided open access to their independent field trials across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A centralized dataset was assembled using qualitative and quantitative data from 25 experimental field trials (hereafter referred to as “CacaoFIT”) spanning several LAC agroecosystems. This dataset was used to document the main traits and agroclimatic attributes of the cacao cultivation model being tested within the CacaoFIT network. By synthesizing data from an entire network of cacao trials, this study aimed to highlight specific design features and management practices that may contribute to better cacao farming sustainability. The CacaoFIT network comprises 200 ha of field trials testing over 150 cacao genotypes and set up under different shade canopy design, management, and research goals. Small-sized trials were common across Mesoamerica, whereas medium to large-size trials were distinct to South America. Cacao trials were 15 years old (on average) and ranged from 3 to 25 years of establishment. Most cacao trials were managed conventionally (i.e., 55%), while 20% were under organic practices, and the remaining 25% presented both conventional and organic management approaches. Most field trials (ca. 60%) planted an average of 10 international clones or national cultivars at high (1,230–1,500 plants ha−1) and medium density (833–1,111 plants ha−1). Mixed shade canopies were the dominant agroforestry model, while timber vs. leguminous shade canopies were also common. The diversity and depth of research domains examined across the CacaoFIT network varied widely. Agronomy and agroforestry topics dominated the research agenda across all trials, followed by environmental services domains. Cacao physiology and financial performance were researched to a lesser extent within the network. Five featured field trials from CacaoFIT offered technical guidelines to inform cacao farming within similar contexts. This collaborative work is a scaffold to encourage public–private partnerships, capacity building, and data sharing amongst cacao researchers across the tropics.