Immunization of Cattle With Recombinant Structural Ectodomains I and II of Babesia bovis Apical Membrane Antigen 1 [BbAMA-1(I/II)] Induces Strong Th1 Immune Response

• DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.917389
• Publication Date: 2022-06-23T09:38:40Z
• Authors: Amarin Rittipornl...; Boondarika Namboo...; Anucha Muenthaisong; Nisachon Apinda; Pongpisid Koonyos...; Wanwisa Srisawat; Paweena Chomjit; Kanokwan Sangkakam; Veerasak Punyapor...; Saruda Tiwanantha...; Naoaki Yokoyama; Nattawooti Sthitm...
• Keywords: Babesia bovis; Streptococcus bovis

Both strong innate and adaptive immune responses are an important component of protection against intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites. Resistance to bovine babesiosis is associated with interferon (IFN)-γ mediated responses. CD4 + T cells macrophages have been identified as major effector mediating the clearance pathogens. Previously, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) was found significantly induce response inhibiting B. bovis merozoite growth invasion. However, a detailed characterization both humoral cellular structure AMA-1 (BbAMA-1) has not yet established. Herein, present study aimed express recombinant BbAMA-1 domain I+II protein [rBbAMA-1(I/II)], which most predominant region, characterize its response. As result, cattle vaccinated BbAMA-1(I/II) developed high titters total immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies ratio IgG2/IgG1 when compared control groups. Interestingly, BbAMA-1(I/II)-based formulations produced in our could elicit CD8 producing IFN-γ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Collectively, results indicate that immunization Th1 cell In support this, we observed up-regulation cytokine mRNA transcripts, including IFN- γ, TNF- α, Interleukin (IL)-2 IL-12 , contrast down regulation IL-4, IL-6 IL-10 would be indicative Th2 Moreover, inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) observed. conclusion, this first report on in-depth immunological BbAMA-1. According results, recognized potential candidate vaccine infection. evidenced by response, it potentially provide protective immunity. further challenge-exposure virulent strain immunized needed determine efficacy.