Gender Differences in Clinical and Biochemical Variables of Patients Affected by Bipolar Disorder

• DOI: 10.3390/brainsci15020214
• Publication Date: 2025-02-19T14:36:22Z
• Authors: Luigi Piccirilli; Enrico Capuzzi; Francesca Legnani; Martina Di Paolo; Anna Pan; Alessandro Ceresa; Cecilia Maria Esp...; Luisa Cirella; Teresa Surace; Ilaria Tagliabue; Massimo Clerici; Massimiliano Buoli
• Keywords: biochemical parameters; bipolar disorder (BD); clinical variables; gender differences; gender differences; biochemical parameters; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry; bipolar disorder (BD); clinical variables; RC321-571

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) affects over 1% of the global population and significantly impacts psychosocial functioning life expectancy. This manuscript has objective investigating gender differences in clinical biochemical parameters patients affected by BD. Methods: retrospective cross-sectional study examined 672 diagnosed with BD psychiatric wards Milan Monza. Clinical data were collected on first day hospitalization. Independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests binary logistic regressions performed to identify Results: With regard univariate analyses, women found be more susceptible comorbidities (χ2 = 12.75, p < 0.01), medical 45.38, obesity 6.75, 0.01) hypercholesterolemia 23.54, as well having mood episodes year prior hospitalization (t 5.69, 0.01). Men likely develop psychotic symptoms 4.40, 0.04), tobacco smokers 15.13, have substance abuse disorders 14.66, <0.01). Logistic regression analyses showed that compared men comorbidity (p higher Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) scores 0.05) total cholesterol plasma levels 0.01); however, they also had fewer red blood cells lower creatinine Conclusions: Female (compared males) exhibited despite frequency susceptibility metabolic complications; consistent earlier studies, female levels. Further studies will confirm present findings gender-related pathways for management