Multi-Area Microgrid Load-Frequency Control Using Combined Fractional and Integer Order Master–Slave Controller Considering Electric Vehicle Aggregator Effects

• DOI: 10.3390/electronics11213440
• Publication Date: 2022-10-24T15:53:55Z
• Authors: Hossein Shayeghi; Alireza Rahnama; Reza Mohajery; Nicu Bizon; Alin Gheorghita M...; Laurentiu Mihai I...
• Keywords: Microgrid; Robustness; Diesel generator

Because of the lack upstream grid support and low inertia, independent microgrids are very susceptible to load variations uncertainty in generation renewable energy sources. Disruption microgrid frequency stability causes severe damage various system equipment frequency-sensitive loads. By taking into account effects electric vehicles (EVs), this paper introduces an innovative control strategy with a master-slave configuration for interconnected microgrids. In proposed configuration, integer-order controller serves as master, while merely fractional-order integrator acts slave controller. The master controllers concurrently optimized by JAYA intelligent algorithm achieve robust effectiveness. Additionally, nonlinearities implemented, such diesel generator operating limits, signal controllers, sending/receiving time delays. To assess effectiveness two-area microgrid, six basic scenarios investigated: sudden changes, perturbations at inputs energy-based units, parametric uncertainties, time-delay nonlinear factor, complicated working conditions, EVs impacts. Moreover, controller’s performance on simple closed-loop has been carried out order confirm viability its practical implementation, comparison experimental simulation findings also provided. Studies demonstrate robustness well fast-response capability. Besides, features structure that allows extra design flexibility.