Four Faces of Infective Endocarditis: Where Thinking Outside the Box Was Crucial

• DOI: 10.3390/jcm14072162
• Publication Date: 2025-03-24T10:21:38Z
• Authors: Ali El-Shamy; Patrick Man; Gayatri Vijapurkar; Baher Hanna; Attila Kardos

Background/Objectives: Infective Endocarditis (IE) presents both a challenging diagnostic and treatment task. Methods: The incidence of IE has grown with the advancement in treatment technologies offered to patients, including intra-cardiac electrical device insertion and a variety of transcutaneous structural interventions. Results: Guidelines recommend the involvement of a multi-disciplinary approach to prompt diagnosis and decisions regarding treatment. Conclusions: We present the management conundrums of four complex cases of IE and highlight the importance of the Extended Endocarditis Team.