Intravital Imaging with Two-Photon Microscopy: A Look into the Kidney

• DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050294
• Publication Date: 2022-04-28T02:20:20Z
• Authors: Vincenzo Costanzo; Michele Costanzo
• Keywords: Intravital microscopy; Two-photon excitation microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy has represented a crucial technique to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms in field of biomedicine. However, conventional one-photon exhibits many limitations when living samples are imaged. The new technologies, including two-photon (2PM), have considerably improved vivo study pathophysiological processes, allowing investigators overcome limits displayed by previous techniques. 2PM enables real-time intravital imaging biological functions different organs at subcellular resolution thanks its laser penetration less phototoxicity. development more sensitive detectors long-wavelength fluorescent dyes as well implementation semi-automatic software for data analysis allowed gain insights essential physiological functions, expanding frontiers imaging. future applications promising push beyond existing limits. In this review, we provide an overview current state-of-the-art methods microscopy, focusing on most recent kidney physiology.