Stellar Flares, Superflares, and Coronal Mass Ejections—Entering the Big Data Era

• DOI: 10.3390/universe10080313
• Publication Date: 2024-07-31T14:34:43Z
• Authors: Krisztián Vida; Zsolt Kővári; Martin Leitzinger; Petra Odert; Katalin Oláh; Bálint Seli; Levente Kriskovics; Robert Greimel; Anna Mária Görgei
• Keywords: Flare; Solar flare; Nanoflares; Flare star; Space Weather

Flares, sometimes accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are the result of sudden changes in magnetic field stars with high energy release through reconnection, which can be observed across a wide range electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to optical X-rays. In our observational review, we attempt collect some fundamental new results, largely linked Big Data era that has arrived due expansion space photometric observations over last two decades. We list different types showing flare activity and their observation strategies discuss how main stellar properties relate characteristics flares (or even CMEs) they emit. Our goal is focus, without claiming complete, on those results may, one way or another, challenge “standard” model based solar paradigm.