Oral and Inactivated Polio Vaccine Coverage and Determinants of Coverage Inequality Among the Most At-Risk Populations in Ethiopia

• DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0319
• Publication Date: 2023-09-25T11:38:19Z
• Authors: Samson Gebremedhin; Fisseha Shiferie; Dawit A. Tsegaye; Wondwossen A. Ale...; Tamiru Wondie; Jen Donofrio; Frank DelPizzo; Kidist Belete; Gashaw Andarge Biks
• Keywords: 2. Zero hunger; Vaccination; 1. No poverty; Infant; 3. Good health; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Risk Factors; Child, Preschool; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; 11. Sustainability; Humans; Ethiopia; Research Article; Poliomyelitis

Combining oral (OPV) and inactivated (IPV) poliovirus vaccines prevents importation of emergence circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. We measured the coverage with IPV third dose OPV (OPV-3) identified determinants inequality in most at-risk populations Ethiopia. A national survey representing 10 partly overlapping underserved populations-pastoralists, conflict-affected areas, urban slums, hard-to-reach settings, developing regions, newly formed internally displaced people (IDPs), refugees, districts neighboring international interregional boundaries-was conducted among children 12 to 35 months old (N = 3,646). Socioeconomic was using concentration index (CIX) decomposed a regression-based approach. One-third (95% CI: 31.5-34.0%) received OPV-3 IPV. The dual below 50% regions (19.2%), pastoralists (22.0%), IDPs (22.3%), (24.1%) (33.3%) boundaries, refugees (27.0%), areas (29.3%), (33.5%), (38.9%). Conversely, better slums (78%). Children from poorest households, living villages that do not have health posts, having limited facility access had increased odds receiving vaccines. Low paternal education, dissatisfaction vaccination service, fear vaccine side effects, female-headed employed less empowered mothers were also risk factors. IPV-OPV3 favored rich (CIX -0.161, P < 0.001), causes were: inaccessibility facilities (13.3%), service (12.8%), maternal (4.9%) illiteracy. Polio Ethiopia is suboptimal, threatening polio eradication initiative.