A standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and the DESI Legacy Survey

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2111.06445
• Publication Date: 2023-01-01
• Authors: A. Palmese; C. R. Bom; S. Mucesh; W. G. Hartley
• Keywords: Redshift surveys; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Hubble constant; Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); Cosmological parameters; FOS: Physical sciences; Astrophysics; 01 natural sciences; Cosmology; Gravitational waves; QB460-466; 0103 physical sciences; Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena; Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract We present a new constraint on the Hubble constant H 0 using a sample of well-localized gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs as dark standard sirens. In the case of dark standard sirens, a unique host galaxy is not identified, and the redshift information comes from the distribution of potential host galaxies. From the third LIGO/Virgo observing run detections, we add the asymmetric-mass binary black hole GW190412 and the high-confidence GW candidates S191204r, S200129m, and S200311bg to the sample of dark standard sirens analyzed in Palmese et al. Our sample contains the top 20% (based on localization) GW events and candidates to date with significant coverage by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Survey. We combine the H 0 posterior for eight dark siren events, finding H 0 = 79.8 − 12.8 + 19.1 km s − 1 Mpc − 1 (68% highest density interval) for a prior in H 0 uniform between [20, 140] km s−1 Mpc−1. This result shows that a combination of eight well-localized dark sirens combined with an appropriate galaxy catalog is able to provide an H 0 constraint that is competitive (∼20% versus 18% precision) with a single bright standard siren analysis (i.e., assuming the electromagnetic counterpart) using GW170817. When combining the posterior with that from GW170817, we obtain H 0 = 72.77 − 7.55 + 11.0 km s − 1 Mpc − 1 . This result is broadly consistent with recent H 0 estimates from both the cosmic microwave background and supernovae.