Measurement of cosmic-ray muon spallation products in a xenon-loaded liquid scintillator with KamLAND

High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors FOS: Physical sciences Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) Nuclear Experiment 7. Clean energy High Energy Physics - Experiment
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2301.09307 Publication Date: 2023-01-01
ABSTRACT
Cosmic-ray muons produce various radioisotopes when passing through material. These spallation products can be backgrounds for rare event searches such as in solar neutrino, double-beta decay, and dark matter search experiments. The KamLAND-Zen experiment searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 745kg of xenon dissolved in liquid scintillator. The experiment includes dead-time-free electronics with a high efficiency for detecting muon-induced neutrons. The production yields of different radioisotopes are measured with a combination of delayed coincidence techniques, newly developed muon reconstruction and xenon spallation identification methods. The observed xenon spallation products are consistent with results from the FLUKA and Geant4 simulation codes.
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