Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions
Heavy-ion collisions
heavy ion: scattering
[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]
Nuclear Theory
isospin: asymmetry
FOS: Physical sciences
symmetry energy
Heavy-ion collisions; Hadronic transport; Nuclear matter; Equation of state; Symmetry energy
[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
7. Clean energy
530
nuclear matter: equation of state
Equation of
hadronic transport
state
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
nuclear physics
Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
neutron star
Nuclear matter
Nuclear Experiment
equation of state
Brookhaven RHIC Coll
nucleus: interaction
Equation of state
strong interaction
baryon: density
nucleon
temperature
heavy-ion collisions
nucleus: heavy
13. Climate action
nuclear matter
Hadronic transport
nucleus: equation of state
saturation: density
Symmetry energy
DOI:
10.48550/arxiv.2301.13253
Publication Date:
2024-01-01
AUTHORS (136)
ABSTRACT
The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS.<br/>White paper prepared for the 2023 Long Range Plan. v3: Updated version as published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Note: the published version does not include the executive summary; in the updated arXiv version, the executive summary is included as an appendix. v4: Corrected list of authors<br/>
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