The Radio to GeV Afterglow of GRB 221009A

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2302.04388
• Publication Date: 2023-01-01
• Authors: T. Laskar; K. D. Alexander; R. Margutti; T. Eftekhari; R. Chornock; E. Berger; Y. Cendes; Anne Duerr; D. A. Perley; M. E. Ravasio; Ryo Yamazaki; Eliot H. Ayache; Thomas Barclay; Rodolfo Barniol D...; Shivani Bhandari; Daniel Brethauer; C. T. Christy; D. L. Coppejans; Paul C. Duffell; W. Fong; A. Gomboc; C. Guidorzi; J. A. Kennea; S. Kobayashi; A. J. Levan; A. P. Lobanov; Brian D. Metzger; E. Ros; G. Schroeder; Peter K. G. Williams
• Keywords: Astrophysical jet

GRB 221009A ($z=0.151$) is one of the closest known long $γ$-ray bursts (GRBs). Its extreme brightness across all electromagnetic wavelengths provides an unprecedented opportunity to study a member this still-mysterious class transients in exquisite detail. We present multi-wavelength observations extraordinary event, spanning 15 orders magnitude photon energy from radio $γ$-rays. find that data can be partially explained by forward shock (FS) highly-collimated relativistic jet interacting with low-density wind-like medium. Under model, jet's beaming-corrected kinetic ($E_K \sim 4\times10^{50}$ erg) typical for population. The and mm provide strong limiting constraints on FS but require presence additional emission component. From equipartition arguments, we likely produced small amount mass ($\lesssim6\times10^{-7} M_\odot$) moving relativistically ($Γ\gtrsim9$) large ($\gtrsim10^{49}$ erg). However, temporal evolution component does not follow prescriptions synchrotron radiation single power-law distribution electrons (e.g. reverse or two-component jet), thermal electron population, perhaps suggesting standard assumptions afterglow theory violated. will remain detectable telescopes years come, providing valuable track full lifecycle powerful jet.