Chimeric classes of universality of catastrophic cascades

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2401.09313
• Publication Date: 2024-01-01
• Authors: Ivan Bonamassa; Bnaya Gross; J. Kertész; Shlomo Havlin
• Keywords: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); FOS: Physical sciences; Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn); Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks; Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics

Cascades are self-reinforcing processes underlying the systemic risk of many natural and socio-technical systems. Understanding universal aspects these phenomena is a fundamental topic, yet typically bound to numerical observations in ad-hoc models limited insights. Here, we develop unifying approach show that regime shifts by long-range cascades characterized two universality classes defined parity invariance process. We provide hyperscaling arguments predicting critical exponents with mean-field $d$-dimensional features -- hence, their term ``chimeric'' how global symmetries influence geometry lifetime avalanches. Simulations encompassing classic novel cascade validate our predictions, revealing principles amenable experimental validation.