Planet Masses, Radii, and Orbits from NASA's K2 Mission

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2502.04436
• Publication Date: 2025-01-01
• Authors: Howard, Andrew W.; Sinukoff, Evan; Blunt, Sarah; Petigura, Erik A.; Crossfield, Ian J...; Isaacson, Howard; Kosiarek, Molly; Rubenzahl, Ryan A.; Brewer, John M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Dressing, Courtne...; Hirsch, Lea A.; Knutson, Heather; Livingston, John H.; Mills, Sean M.; Roy, Arpita; Weiss, Lauren M.; Benneke, Bjorn; Ciardi, David R.; Christiansen, Jes...; Cochran, William D.; Crepp, Justin R.; Gonzales, Erica; Hansen, Brad M. S.; Hardegree-Ullman,...; Howell, Steve B.; Lépine, Sébastien; Martinez, Arturo O.; Rogers, Leslie A.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Werner, Michael; Polanski, Alex S.; Angelo, Isabel; Beard, Corey; Behmard, Aida; Bouma, Luke G.; Brinkman, Casey L.; Chontos, Ashley; Dai, Fei; Dalba, Paul A.; Giacalone, Steven; Grunblatt, Samuel K.; Hill, Michelle L.; Kane, Stephen R.; Lubin, Jack; Mayo, Andrew W.; Mocnik, Teo; Murphy, Joseph M....; Rice, Malena; Rosenthal, Lee J.; Tyler, Dakotah; Van Zandt, Judah; Yee, Samuel W.
• Keywords: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; FOS: Physical sciences; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

We report the masses, sizes, and orbital properties of 86 planets orbiting 55 stars observed by NASA's K2 Mission with follow-up Doppler measurements by the HIRES spectrometer at the W. M. Keck Observatory and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory. Eighty-one of the planets were discovered from their transits in the K2 photometry, while five were found based on subsequent Doppler measurements of transiting planet host stars. The sizes of the transiting planets range from Earth-size to larger than Jupiter (1-3 REarth is typical), while the orbital periods range from less than a day to a few months. For 32 of the planets, the Doppler signal was detected with significance greater than 5-sigma (51 were detected with >3-sigma significance). An important characteristic of this catalog is the use of uniform analysis procedures to determine stellar and planetary properties. This includes the transit search and fitting procedures applied to the K2 photometry, the Doppler fitting techniques applied to the radial velocities, and the spectral modeling to determine bulk stellar parameters. Such a uniform treatment will make the catalog useful for statistical studies of the masses, densities, and system architectures of exoplanetary systems. This work also serves as a data release for all previously unpublished RVs and associated stellar activity indicators obtained by our team for these systems, along with derived stellar and planet parameters.<br/>156 pages, 86 planets, 55 stars, 104 figures, 48 tables. Accepted to ApJS<br/>