Active and Passive Smoking as Catalysts for Cognitive Impairment in Rural Indonesia: A Population-based Study

• DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.94
• Publication Date: 2024-07-08T07:20:57Z
• Authors: Faizal Muhammad; Afifah Syifaul Ummah; Farida Aisyah; Rivan Danuaji; Diah Kurnia Mirawati; Subandi Subandi; Baarid Luqman Hamidi; Ervina Arta Jayan...; Reviono Reviono; Yulie Erida Nur R...; Isa Ridwan
• Keywords: Center (category theory)

Objectives: Research indicates that active smokers are at risk of cognitive impairment. However, the correlation between chronic passive smoking and impairment remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine association smoking, examined dose-response effect. Methods: population-based two-year survey was conducted in four rural public health centers from 2021 2023 Central Java, Indonesia, each center caters approximately 30 000 people. The participants were selected using simple random sampling visitors aged 30–60 years. Smoking determined by self-assessment. Mini-Mental State Examination used evaluate potential impact confounding variables such as lifestyle, sociodemographic factors, diseases considered excluded during statistical analysis. Results: 409 individuals majority men (264; 64.5%). Among them, 308 (75.3%) smokers, 271 (66.3%) 138 (33.7%) not exposed tobacco smoke. There a significant relationship increasing pack years smoking. highest most observed those who smoked ≥ 20 pack-years with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.61 95% CI: 0.98–2.31. Passive had slightly lower than did smoke never (aOR = 2.01; 1.37–2.70). They comparable OR 10–19 total exposure 1.86; 1.24–2.42). Conclusions: effect on exposure. also indicated equivalent estimated