EUREC4A

• DOI: 10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
• Publication Date: 2021-08-25T08:01:14Z
• Authors: Bjorn Stevens; Sandrine Bony; David Farrell; Felix Ament; Alan Blyth; Christopher Fairall; Johannes Karstensen; Patricia K. Quinn; Sabrina Speich; Claudia Acquistapace; Franziska Aemisegger; Anna Lea Albright; Hugo Bellenger; Eberhard Bodenschatz; Kathy-Ann Caesar; Rebecca Chewitt-L...; Gijs de Boer; Julien Delanoë; Leif Denby; Florian Ewald; Benjamin Fildier; Marvin Forde; Geet George; Silke Gross; Martin Hagen; Andrea Hausold; Karen J. Heywood; Lutz Hirsch; Marek Jacob; Friedhelm Jansen; Stefan Kinne; Daniel Klocke; Tobias Kölling; Heike Konow; Marie Lothon; Wiebke Mohr; Ann Kristin Naumann; Louise Nuijens; Léa Olivier; Robert Pincus; Mira Pöhlker; Gilles Reverdin; Gregory Roberts; Sabrina Schnitt; Hauke Schulz; A. Pier Siebesma; Claudia Christine...; Peter Sullivan; Ludovic Touzé-Pei...; Jessica Vial; Raphaela Vogel; Paquita Zuidema; Nicola Alexander; Lyndon Alves; Sophian Arixi; Hamish Asmath; Gholamhossein Bag...; Katharina Baier; Adriana Bailey; Dariusz Baranowski; Alexandre Baron; Sébastien Barrau; Paul A. Barrett; Frédéric Batier; Andreas Behrendt; Arne Bendinger; Florent Beucher; Sebastien Bigorre; Edmund Blades; Peter Blossey; Olivier Bock; Steven Böing; Pierre Bosser; Denis Bourras; Pascale Bouruet-A...; Keith Bower; Pierre Branellec; Hubert Branger; Michal Brennek; Alan Brewer; Pierre-Etienne Br...; Björn Brügmann; Stefan A. Buehler; Elmo Burke; Ralph Burton; Radiance Calmer; Jean-Christophe C...; Xavier Carton; Gregory Cato Jr.; Jude Andre Charles; Patrick Chazette; Yanxu Chen; Michal T. Chilinski; Thomas Choularton; Patrick Chuang; Shamal Clarke; Hugh Coe; Céline Cornet; Pierre Coutris; Fleur Couvreux; Susanne Crewell; Timothy Cronin; Zhiqiang Cui; Yannis Cuypers; Alton Daley; Gillian M. Damerell; Thibaut Dauhut; Hartwig Deneke; Jean-Philippe Des...; Steffen Dörner; Sebastian Donner; Vincent Douet; Kyla Drushka; Marina Dütsch; André Ehrlich; Kerry Emanuel; Alexandros Emmano...; Jean-Claude Etienne; Sheryl Etienne-Le...; Ghislain Faure; Graham Feingold; Luca Ferrero; Andreas Fix; Cyrille Flamant; Piotr Jacek Flatau; Gregory R. Foltz; Linda Forster; Iulian Furtuna; Alan Gadian; Joseph Galewsky; Martin Gallagher; Peter Gallimore; Cassandra Gaston; Chelle Gentemann; Nicolas Geyskens; Andreas Giez; John Gollop; Isabelle Gouirand; Christophe Gourbeyre; Dörte de Graaf; Geiske E. de Groot; Robert Grosz; Johannes Güttler; Manuel Gutleben; Kashawn Hall; George Harris; Kevin C. Helfer; Dean Henze; Calvert Herbert; Bruna Holanda; Antonio Ibanez-La...; Janet Intrieri; Suneil Iyer; Fabrice Julien; Heike Kalesse; Jan Kazil; Alexander Kellman; Abiel T. Kidane; Ulrike Kirchner; Marcus Klingebiel; Mareike Körner; Leslie Ann Kremper; Jan Kretzschmar; Ovid Krüger; Wojciech Kumala; Armin Kurz; Pierre L'Hégaret; Matthieu Labaste; Tom Lachlan-Cope; Arlene Laing; Peter Landschützer; Theresa Lang; Diego Lange; Ingo Lange; Clément Laplace; Gauke Lavik; Rémi Laxenaire; Caroline Le Bihan; Mason Leandro; Nathalie Lefevre; Marius Lena; Donald Lenschow; Qiang Li; Gary Lloyd; Sebastian Los; Niccolò Losi; Oscar Lovell; Christopher Luneau; Przemyslaw Makuch; Szymon Malinowski; Gaston Manta; Eleni Marinou; Nicholas Marsden; Sebastien Masson; Nicolas Maury; Bernhard Mayer; Margarette Mayers...; Christophe Mazel; Wayne McGeary; James C. McWilliams; Mario Mech; Melina Mehlmann; Agostino Niyonkur...; Theresa Mieslinger; Andreas Minikin; Peter Minnett; Gregor Möller; Yanmichel Morfa A...; Caroline Muller; Ionela Musat; Anna Napoli; Almuth Neuberger; Christophe Noisel; David Noone; Freja Nordsiek; Jakub L. Nowak; Lothar Oswald; Douglas J. Parker; Carolyn Peck; Renaud Person; Miriam Philippi; Albert Plueddemann; Christopher Pöhlker; Veronika Pörtge; Ulrich Pöschl; Lawrence Pologne; Michał Posyniak; Marc Prange; Estefanía Quiñone...; Jule Radtke; Karim Ramage; Jens Reimann; Lionel Renault; Klaus Reus; Ashford Reyes; Joachim Ribbe; Maximilian Ringel; Markus Ritschel; Cesar B. Rocha; Nicolas Rochetin; Johannes Röttenba...; Callum Rollo; Haley Royer; Pauline Sadoulet; Leo Saffin; Sanola Sandiford; Irina Sandu; Michael Schäfer; Vera Schemann; Imke Schirmacher; Oliver Schlenczek; Jerome Schmidt; Marcel Schröder; Alfons Schwarzenb...; Andrea Sealy; Christoph J. Senff; Ilya Serikov; Samkeyat Shohan; Elizabeth Siddle; Alexander Smirnov; Florian Späth; Branden Spooner; M. Katharina Stolla; Wojciech Szkółka; Simon P. de Szoeke; Stéphane Tarot; Eleni Tetoni; Elizabeth Thompson; Jim Thomson; Lorenzo Tomassini; Julien Totems; Alma Anna Ubele; Leonie Villiger; Jan von Arx; Thomas Wagner; Andi Walther; Ben Webber; Manfred Wendisch; Shanice Whitehall; Anton Wiltshire; Allison A. Wing; Martin Wirth; Jonathan Wiskandt; Kevin Wolf; Ludwig Worbes; Ethan Wright; Volker Wulfmeyer; Shanea Young; Chidong Zhang; Dongxiao Zhang; Florian Ziemen; Tobias Zinner; Martin Zöger
• Keywords: [SDE] Environmental Sciences; 105206 Meteorology; North Atlantic Ocean; 550; [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]; Cloud Feedback; Aerosol, clouds, sea, sub-tropic;; Barbados; clouds; [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology; 551; 01 natural sciences; atmospheric turbulence; Atmospheric circulation; MESOSCALE; OCEAN; 105204 Climatology; TRADE-WIND CLOUDS; SDG 13 - Climate Action; trade winds; SPECTRA; GE1-350; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences; [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere; 020; QE1-996.5; SHALLOW CUMULUS; RAIN; 105206 Meteorologie; BOUNDARY-LAYER; Geology; 105204 Klimatologie; MODEL; Environmental sciences; Trade-wind cumulus; Field campaign; 13. Climate action; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SDG 13 – Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz; [SDE]Environmental Sciences; General Earth and Planetary Sciences; eddies; Shallow convection; ocean turbulence

Abstract. The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.