A Clinical Case of Beta-2 Agonist Induced Hypokalemia

• DOI: 10.52783/jns.v14.2497
• Publication Date: 2025-04-03T11:03:03Z
• Authors: Nitesh Prasad; Kumari Suprema
• Keywords: BETA (programming language)

Background: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are extensively used in the management of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These agents can cause a variety systemic adverse effects, most notably hypokalemia, by promoting intracellular shift potassium ions. Hypokalemia, defined as serum level below 3.5 mEq/L, may present with neuromuscular manifestations (e.g., weakness, cramps, paresthesia) cardiovascular complications, such arrhythmias hypotension. Methods: We case 4-month-old male history recurrent cough cold, managed repeatedly antibiotics beta-2 agonist nebulizations. Clinical data, laboratory investigations, imaging studies were assessed to establish diagnosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted explore pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, protocols for agonist-induced hypokalemia. Results: The patient presented cough, fever 10 days’ duration, decreased limb movement over past 4 days. Examination revealed bilateral wheeze, crepitations, weakness (power 3/5 all limbs). Laboratory investigations indicated hypokalemia (serum K: 2.9 mEq/L), elevated calcium levels (11.4 mg/dL) normal creatine kinase. Imaging (chest X-ray) suggested hyperinflated lung fields. final diagnosis established after excluding other differential diagnoses Guillain–Barré syndrome, spinal muscular atrophy, electrolyte disturbances like hypomagnesemia. Conclusion: This highlights importance recognizing pediatric patients receiving frequent nebulizations or oral therapy. Early identification, prompt repletion, discontinuation offending agent prevent severe complications. Clinicians should maintain vigilance imbalances populations, especially those repeated high-dose use.