THE FREQUENCY OF ZYGOMATICOFACIAL FORAMINA IN MALE AND FEMALE SKULLS

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7989663
• Publication Date: 2023-05-26
• Authors: Abdullayev A.; Garayeva S.; Allahverdiyeva N.; Nadirli Z.

References: 1. Khalid S, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, et al. (July 23, 2017) Bilateral Absence of the Zygomatic Nerve and Zygomaticofacial Nerve and Foramina. Cureus 9(7): e1505. 2. Inderbir Singh's Textbook of Anatomy: Head and Neck, Neuroanatomy, Genetics. Edit-ed by S.Seshayyan. 6th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2016. 3. Aksu F, Ceri NG, Arman C, Zeybek FG, Tetik S. Location and incidence of the zygo-maticofacial foramen: An anatomic study. Clin Anat. 2009 Jul;22(5):559-62. 4. Zhao Y, Chundury RV, Blandford AD, Perry JD. Anatomical Description of Zygomatic Foramina in African American Skulls. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Mar/Apr;34(2):168-171. 5. Ferro A., Basyuni S., Brassett C., Santhanam V. Study of anatomical variations of the zygomaticofacial foramen and calculation of reliable reference points for operation. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 55 (10): 1035-1041. 6. Martins C, Li X, Rhoton AL Jr. Role of the zygomaticofacial foramen in the orbitozygo-matic craniotomy: anatomic report. Neurosurgery. 2003 Jul;53(1):168-72. 7. Deana NF, Alves N. Frequency and location of the zygomaticofacial foramen and its clin-ical importance in the placement of zygomatic implants. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020 Jul;42(7):823-830. 8. Patel P, Belinsky I, Howard D, Palu RN. Location of the zygomatico-orbital foramen on the inferolateral orbital wall: clinical implications. Orbit. 2013 Oct;32(5):275-7. 9. Mangal A, Choudhry R, Tuli A, Choudhry S, Choudhry R, Khera V. Incidence and mor-phological study of zygomaticofacial and zygomatico-orbital foramina in dry adult human skulls: the non-metrical variants. Surg Radiol Anat. 2004 Apr;26(2):96-9. 10. Krishnamurthy A, Roshni S, Murlimanju BV, Nayak SR, Jiji PJ, Somesh SM, Prabhu LV. Foramina on the zygomatic bone: its clinical significance. Clin Ter. 2011;162(5):419-21. 11. Mokryk O, Hadzik J, Shybinskyy V. Development of the method of conducting anes-thesia of zygomaticofacial nerve in people with different face shape and its clinical evaluation. Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 72, 6:245-251.<br/>Abstract A detailed study of the anatomy of the skeleton of the facial part of the skull is impossible without taking into account the zygomatic bone. The zygomaticofacial foramen belonging to this bone is characterized by excessive variability in quantitative terms, which complicates the implementation of high-quality anesthesia in this area. The material for the study was 32 male and 38 female skulls belonging to the adult age period (21–60 years), stored in the craniological collection of the Museum of the Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Terminology of Azerbaijan Medical University. Zygomaticofacial foramina are defined as follows: absent, a single large foramen, one large and any number of smaller foramina, two large foramina, two large foramina and any number of smaller foramina, a single small foramen, multiple small foramina (by Jane E. Buikstra and Douglas H. Ubelaker, 1994). On 2 male and 2 female skulls, the zygomatic bones were destroyed, respectively, on the right and left sides; thus, the number of skulls examined to determine the quantitative variants of the zygomaticofacial foramina was as follows: 31 male (45.6%) and 37 (54.4%) female skulls. An analysis of the data obtained shows that the most common quantitative variant is a single large foramen on the left side, both for male and female skulls (38.7% and 54.1%, respectively). The absence of the zygomaticofacial foramen more often characterizes the right zygomatic bone in male and female skulls; on male skulls, the zygomaticofacial foramen was absent on the right side in 35.5% of all skulls studied. In female skulls, the absence of a foramen was found on the right side in 37.8% of the examined skulls. Multiple small foramina is the least common quantitative variant found on the left for male skulls (1 skull, 3.2%); on female skulls, this variant was not found at all. One large and any number of smaller foramina is the least common quantitative variant that characterizes the right zygomatic bones in men. In women, the least common variant, according to our study, is a single small foramen (1 skull, 2.7%). This quantitative variant is found on the left.<br/>