A Comparison of Urdu and Punjabi First language Interference on English as Second Language

• DOI: 10.59075/pjll.v2i2.346
• Publication Date: 2024-04-01T05:31:49Z
• Authors: Mahnoor Ikram; Aiman Shahbaz; Muhammad Shoaib ...
• Keywords: Urdu

This study examines errors in ESL students focusing on those who speak Urdu and Punjabi as their first languages. It uses Optimality Theory (OT) a framework to explore the interaction between markedness faithfulness constraints within OT. The employs mixed methods approach, including surveys audio recordings from 30 participants (15 speakers 15 speakers). Three phonological factors are investigated; stress patterns, pronunciation of interdental /th/ differentiation bilabial /w/ labiodental /v/. data analysis, presented through bar graphs interpreted using OT reveals nuanced patterns errors. Notably L1 demonstrate frequency mistakes suggesting impact language. research significantly contributes understanding dynamics language interference by shedding light how differences, among Urdu, English influence specific findings hold educational ramifications for teachers looking upgrade instructions custom-made backgrounds students.