Nickel oxide/hydroxides [NiOx(OH)y] are considered to be promising materials replace noble metals for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media. While several studies showed that iron impurities promote activity of nickel-based catalysts, effects intrinsic nickel defects and underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering understand reactivity NiOx thin films, which were prepared at different...

Abstract Manganese oxide (MnO x ) is considered a promising material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to replace noble metal catalysts in water splitting. The improvement of MnO requires mechanistic and kinetic knowledge four‐electron transfer steps OER. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, widely used tool characterize electronic structure thin films, combination with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy gain deeper different mixed types their respective change chemical composition....

In many applications such as vanadium flow batteries, graphite acts an electrocatalyst and its surface structure therefore determines the efficiency of energy conversion. Due to heterogeneity material, activity descriptors cannot always be evaluated with certainty because introduction defects is accompanied by a change in chemistry. Moreover, occur multiple dimensions, their occurrence influence on catalysis must separated. this work, we have studied felt electrodes different methods terms...

Deoxygenated graphite electrodes exhibited an overall higher electrocatalytic activity than the oxygen-rich starting material. Free edge sites were therefore identified as origin of charge transfer process for vanadium redox reactions.

Numerous surface treatment methods are known to enhance the electrochemical activity of graphite felt (GF), such as thermal activation or attachment nanoparticulate catalysts. The integration heteroatoms into lattice at could be a promising technique for reliable and efficient electrode activation. However, these functionalization techniques based on thermochemical activation, which makes it difficult distinguish between effects other than foreign atom integration, defects groups that must...

Thermal activation of graphite felts has proven to be a valuable technique for electrodes in vanadium flow batteries improve their sluggish reaction kinetics. In the underlying work, novel approach is presented describe morphological, microstructural, and chemical changes that occur as result process. All surface properties were monitored at different stages thermal correlated with electrocatalytic activity. The subsequently developed model consists combined ablation damaging process...

Abstract Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical density. However, challenges such as the shuttling effect and volume expansion have significantly hindered cycle life capacity retention. Furthermore, complex kinetic pathways in Li–S call for advanced characterization techniques unravel underlying mechanisms. In this study, a hollow porous carbon (HPC) is used microreactor, where inverse vulcanization occurs between...

Abstract It is widely accepted that surface‐active oxygen functional groups (OFGs) effectively catalyze the vanadium redox reactions. Initial graphitic edge sites, OFGs and their electrochemical stability were examined using graphite felts, which modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes activated KOH. demonstrated cannot exclusively be responsible for electrocatalysis since they did not correlate to activity. The surface composition after cycling in positive half‐cell was still different...

Abstract This review examines the role of defective carbon‐based electrodes in sodium‐ion and vanadium flow batteries. Methods for introducing defects into carbon structures are explored their effectiveness improving electrode performance is demonstrated. In sodium‐based systems, research focuses primarily on various precursor materials heteroatom doping to optimise hard electrodes. Defect engineering increases interlayer spacing, porosity, changes surface chemistry, which improves sodium...

Abstract The functionalization of electrode surfaces is a useful approach to gain better understanding solid–electrolyte interphase formation and battery performance in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electrografting deprotection alkyl silyl protected ethynyl aryl diazonium salts on graphite electrodes were performed. Furthermore, electrografting carrying functional groups such as amino, carboxy nitro, their influence the electrochemical LIBs investigated. drawbacks electrografted especially...

Abstract The kinetic processes responsible for the efficient oxidation of dissolved vanadyl oxide species in positive half‐cell a vanadium flow battery are far from being understood. Despite recent evidence that reaction is most strongly favored at hydrogen‐terminated graphite edge sites, mechanism involving oxygen‐containing surface groups has still been frequently reproduced to date. In this work, operando Raman spectroscopy follows interface between graphite‐based model electrodes and...

In recent years, there is growing interest in solid-state electrolytes due to their many promising properties, making them key the future of battery technology. This depends among other things on easy processing technologies for solid electrolyte. The sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) Na

Metallic spinel‐type CuCo 2 S 4 nanoparticles were deposited on nanocrystalline TiO (P25®), forming heterostructure nanocomposites. The nanocomposites characterized in detail by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nitrogen sorption (BET) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Variation of the :TiO ratio to an optimum value generated a catalyst which shows very high photocatalytic H production rate at neutral pH 32.3 µmol/h (0.72 mL h –1 ), is much...

For many electrochemical applications in the energy sector such as batteries, electrolyzers, or supercapacitors, surface-active oxygen functional groups (OFGs) are considered essential. This has sparked a lot of scientific well industrial activities for instance domain vanadium redox flow focusing on optimization graphite electrodes by various oxidative treatments. The introduced OFGs to catalyze reactions effectively. However, these studies often disregard that harsh attack surface also...

Abstract For many electrochemical devices that use carbon-based materials such as electrolyzer, supercapacitors, and batteries, oxygen functional groups (OFGs) are considered essential to facilitate electron transfer. Researchers implement surface-active OFGs improve the electrocatalytic properties of graphite felt electrodes in vanadium flow batteries. Herein, we show graphitic defects not responsible for lowering activation energy barrier thus enhance charge transfer properties. This is...

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as pyrenes, are a well‐known material class for non‐covalent modification of carbon surfaces in many applications. In electrochemical energy storage, pyrenes mostly used large polymeric structures. This work addresses the use carboxy‐ and amino‐functionalized graphite electrodes lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Pyrenes explored adsorbed species on prior to electrode fabrication additives composition. Thereby, 1‐pyrenecarboxylic acid,...

The redox flow battery (RFB) is one of the most promising technologies for stationary energy storage. It consists a voltaic cell whose electrolytes are stored in tanks outside system. Whilst chemistries anodic and cathodic define density RFB system, its power determined primarily by electrodes. These typically porous carbon media on surface which reactions occur. They critical component since they require detailed engineering electrocatalytically active area mass transport. Still today,...

The Cover Feature illustrates the functionalisation of graphite electrodes with aryl diazonium salts for lithium-ion batteries. More information can be found in Research Article by M. Bauer et al.

The interfacial processes controlling charge transfer in vanadium redox reactions at graphite electrodes are still poorly understood. Accurate knowledge of the underlying mechanism is mandatory to improve efficiency conversion from electrical chemical energy and vice versa . Various surface modifications known catalytic activity by introducing active sites. Differentiating between influences on structural properties activation difficult due heterogeneity material interplay microstructural...

One of the main reasons for battery aging in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is formation a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). SEI results capacity loss and power fading due to irreversible electrochemical decomposition electrolyte. However, protects negative electrode from further parasitic surface reactions with Therefore, it great interest learn more about factors influencing its formation. approach modify active material. Since graphite commonly used as material LIBs, we modified anchor...

The Cover Feature shows the potential-driven phase transformation of Manganosite (MnIIO) to layered Birnessite (MnIII,IVO2) in alkaline media. In their Full Paper, H. Radinger et al. investigate structural and chemical evolution various MnOx thin films as electrocatalysts for oxygen reaction by X-Ray photoelectron operando Raman spectroscopy. displayed conversion with intercalated water molecules potassium ions is responsible electrochemical performance. Nevertheless, starting material...