A comprehensive analysis of the transcript levels genes which encode starch-synthesis enzymes is fundamental for assessment function each enzyme and regulatory mechanism starch biosynthesis in source sink organs. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, an examination was made expression profiles 27 rice encoding six classes enzymes, i.e. ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), synthase, branching enzyme, debranching phosphorylase, disproportionating developing seeds leaves. The modes gene were...

To establish the significance of cell wall invertase in grain filling rice (Oryza sativa L.), we cloned a cDNA for from developing grains rice. The cDNA, designated OsCIN1, contains an open reading frame 1731 bp encoding polypeptide 577 amino acid residues. deduced sequence showed typical features invertases, including β-fructosidase motif and cysteine catalytic site, shared 78.6 73.7% identity with maize Incw1 Incw2, respectively. OsCIN1 is expressed roots, sink- source-leaves, panicles....

In rice, caryopses located at the base of panicle have a lower growth rate than those tip panicle. The former and latter types are called inferior superior caryopses, respectively. Taking different into consideration, sugar status expression genes encoding carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in were compared with caryopses. During first 5 d after flowering, elongated rapidly, but did not. At this phase, had low ratio hexose to sucrose, high activity acid invertase absence above except for two...

Sucrose transporters (SUTs) are known to play critical roles in the uptake of sucrose from apoplast various steps sugar translocation. Because developing pollen is symplastically isolated anther tissues, it hypothesized that SUTs active apoplastic into pollen. To investigate this possibility, a comprehensive expression analysis was performed for members SUT gene family rice (Oryza sativa L.) using real-time RT-PCR combined with laser microdissection technique. Among five genes, OsSUT1 and...

Rice grain yield is predicted to decrease in the future because of an increase tropospheric ozone concentration. However, underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated responses two rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars, Sasanishiki and Habataki. showed ozone-induced leaf injury, but no loss. By contrast, Habataki loss with minimal injury. A QTL associated caused by was identified Sasanishiki/Habataki chromosome segment substitution lines included ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (APO1)...

Ten cDNAs of genes that were induced by dehydration stress cloned differential screening from the highly drought-tolerant legume, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a major crop in West Africa. The clones collectively named CPRD (cowpea responsive to dehydration). Northern blot analysis revealed nine stress, but timing induction mRNA synthesis varied among genes. We analyzed effects other environmental stresses on expression CPRD8, CPRD14 and CPRD22 genes, we found these strongly high-salinity not...

The effects of dry matter production and the remobilization nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) on grain filling were investigated using Indica-based Japonica crossed rice cultivar Takanari, which can bear a large sink. For three years,beginning in 1994, shade treatments conducted with different nitrogen applications to develop variations plant growth. percentage ripened spikelets showed greatest correlation total amount carbohydrate supply per spikelet during 10 20 days after heading,...

The stems (leaf sheaths and culms) of rice plants ( Oryza sativa L.) accumulate high levels starch before heading, which is subsequently remobilized after heading to provide a carbon source for grain filling. To elucidate the molecular mechanism synthesis in leaf sheath, comprehensive expression analysis was conducted on gene families encoding synthesis–related enzymes, ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27), synthase 2.4.1.21) branching enzyme 2.4.1.18). changes activities these...

To identify potential regulators of photoassimilate partitioning, we screened for rice mutant plants that accumulate high levels starch in the leaf blades, and a line Leaf Starch Excess 1 (LSE1) was obtained characterized. The content blades LSE1 more than 10-fold higher wild-type throughout day, while sucrose unaffected. gene responsible phenotype identified by mapping to be encoding α-glucan water dikinase, OsGWD1 (Os06g0498400), 3.4-kbp deletion found plant. Despite hyperaccumulation...

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect sink size and ripening, which are often negatively correlated, were analyzed in two inbred lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) derived from crosses between the semi-dwarf indica japonica cultivars. Recombinant (RILs) Milyang23 (indica)/Akihikari (japonica), back-crossed (BCILs) Sasanishiki (japonica)/Habataki(indica)//Sasanishiki///Sasanishiki studied over a period years. A major QTL was related to number spikelets per panicle found same region...

Abstract Rice plants ( Oryza sativa L cv Akitakomachi) were grown under free‐air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) in farmers' fields Shizukuishi, Iwate, Japan during 1999 and 2000. The grains harvested subsequently analyzed for protein amylose contents as well the traits related to cooked‐rice viscosity. cooked rice was also subjected sensory evaluation. content of elevated significantly lower than that ambient conditions. In addition, increased whiteness both brown milled reduced their surface...

Administration of a sublethal dose lead acetate to rats induced the simultaneous synthesis Pb-metallothionein (Pb-MT)-like protein (Pb-BP) and Zn-thionein (Zn-BP) in liver. The Pb-BP had an apparent molecule mass 6900 Da seemed bind preferentially liver cytosol. Zn-BP was identified by comparison Mr, elution profiles from Sephadex G-75 DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns, polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic mobility, with those rat Zn-MT-II. accumulated maximum 6 h after intraperitoneal injection...

A detailed study was made of copper metabolism in rats during and after pregnancy the fetuses pups up to age 6 wk. Maternal ceruloplasmin levels increase only briefly at beginning third (and last) week pregnancy. They then decrease normal term markedly early postpartum period. Bilary excretion 67Cu almost stops remains decreased for 2 In spite this, there is no hepatic levels. Except a 1- 2-day period shortly delivery, maternal have positive balance if lacteal elimination ignored. Levels...

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in leaf sheaths and culms rice (Oryza sativa L.), enhancing subsequent grain filling, were analyzed a population back-crossed inbred lines (BCILs) from cross Sasanishiki (japonica)/Habataki (indica)//Sasanishiki///Sasanishiki. QTLs affecting NSC detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 11 12. Of these, indica alleles 7 12 increased accumulation, but for only one year two-year study. These also showed...

Turnover, in the light, of apoproteins light-harvesting chlorophyll a/6-proteins for Photo-system I and II (LHC-I LHC-II, respectively) was studied with wild-type three 6-deficient mutants rice. (1) Synthesis 24 25 kDa LHC-II 20 21 LHC-I examined by incubating leaf segments [35S]-methionine. The rice mutants, chlorina 2, which totally lacks b, 11 14, are partially deficient synthesized as rapidly did wild type (2) Pulse-chase experiments showed that breakdown proceeded slowly, such only a...

Excess ferrous iron in lowland soil is known to inhibit the growth of rice. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for susceptibility was performed using chromosomal segments substitution lines (CSSLs). Kasalath, an indica rice cultivar, be susceptible and accumulate excess shoots. The shoot concentration examined 39 CSSLs carrying Kasalath a background Koshihikari, japonica cultivar. grown hydroponic culture solution containing iron, had higher than Koshihikari. Of CSSLs, SL208, which...

We conducted a QTL (quantitative trait locus) analysis to identify the genetic characteristics of traits related yield in rice, using 191 recombinant inbred (R.I.) lines derived from Milyang 23/Akihikari. found that at end chromosome 1 clearly contributed spikelet number per panicle and unit area. One R.I. lines, H8, showed segregation or area 1998. H8 was also heterozygous near QTL. determined for 74 individual plants line H8. An RFLP linkage map constructed data regions on other...