Increases in military spending have a big impact on the socioeconomic conditions any country. However, there is no consensus as to whether rising expenditure beneficial or detrimental economic growth. The present study chose China case empirically examine complex relationship between and development. findings from Johansen cointegration test indicated that existed long-run China's Furthermore, Granger causality detected unidirectional development expenditure. These results were further...

The aim of this article is to explore the challenges and opportunities 21st Century Maritime Silk Road – presumably a gigantic economic project launched by China for better connectivity cooperation in Asia. examines variables that may either limit or bolster its implementation. project, once implemented, likely give rise both strategic upshots. Economically, it be win–win other powers Asia who are willing participate. On hand, get trapped because presence geopolitical issues great rivalry,...

The neurons of origin the right vagus and its components in both monkey (Macaca fascicularis) albino rats were localized by retrograde transport horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to stomach wall, vagal trunk recurrent laryngeal branch. An attempt was also made localize forming superior nerve those supplying thoracic organs a combination operative procedures. results showed that innervated distributed throughout entire rostrocaudal extent dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) on sides brain stem....

Abstract This paper delves into the shifts in foreign policy of Russia, considering what has determined Russia's grand strategy orientation after collapse Soviet Union. It also attempts to offer an explanation why Russia becomes discounted with ‘constitutive and normative structure’, how its shifted toward anti-status quo orientation, especially color revolutions. The main purpose this is explain shift policy, from search for ‘greatpowerness’ status via different enhancement strategies light...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to project the emerging power‐relations in maritime realm between geopolitical players Indian Ocean region. These involve military shields and spears, infrastructure development, alignment–alliance relations, international trade routes, critical choke points, energy, above all implications. methods followed are content analysis, case‐method, interview, observation, so forth . concludes that power polarizations visible gradually taking a tangible shape form...

The aim of this article is to examine the implications high politics in S outh C hina ea disputes, which basically involve U nited tates, and other claimant countries, such as V ietnam P hilippines on one side, other. two main actors, namely appear be re‐assertive. All countries are asking for their stakes, sovereignty, sovereign maritime rights. fall‐out polarization stakeholders greater military build‐up. Overt confrontation a remote possibility at moment, mainly because overriding...

Abstract South Asian regional integration is seemingly confronting many challenges. The aim of this paper to identify those challenges and also look for prospects. Although in Asia has adopted a kind institutionalization, it yet deliver any concrete outcomes. High-politics the not-so-conducive economic structures hinder effectual culmination. However, constructivism, as theory, given due credence when looking future highlights issues, attempts offer certain policy directions by analyzing...

Purpose: To identify the size of cash credit granted by commercial banks and to clarify role banking liquidity in promoting investment Iraq for period (2014-2023). Theoretical Framework: The research addressed (2014-2023), problem lies how enhance stimulating investment. Design/Methodology/Approach: researcher relied on deductive approach conducted a descriptive analysis using measurement tool (E-views 12) measure bank enhancing credit. Results: succeeded adopting strategy expand its...

The aim of this article is to analyze the rationale and likely impacts C hinese military modernization, which seems focused work as hina's instrument power politics in A sia– P acific. Given that hina growing exponentially economic field it has many flashpoints deal with, its modernization understandably a historical inevitability. It primarily U nited S tates, J apan, T aiwan confront over flashpoints, such aiwan, outh ea. Concurrently, tates' alliance/alignment‐building going ahead...

Abstract Taiwan is a vexed issue, and having no definite sovereignty status at the inter-state level, it carries potential for conflagration. There palpably contradiction between its de jure facto status. Contradiction also discernible in realizing right brand of nationalism question justice adopting appropriate hierarchical mode governance. As such, there need to rethink surrounding security architecture. The actors concerned may have confront high stakes if quo changed. “one China” policy...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to project China's emerging path towards high politics in East Asia, which ostensibly spawned by regional geopolitical dynamics. Hegemonic transition, replacing hegemonic stability, seemingly activating the There almost an inexorable move predominance, two major powers, that tends get stimulated presence issues may trigger conflict, possibly war. These range from flashpoints populist nationalism, economic interdependence, nuclear issues, and alliance...