Background: Although most people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico, primarily heroin, injection and non-injection use of methamphetamine cocaine is common. We examined patterns polydrug among heroin injectors to inform prevention treatment drug its health social consequences. Methods: Participants were PWID residing aged ≥18 years reported the past six months recruited through respondent-driven sampling (n = 1,025). Latent class analysis was conducted assign individuals classes on a...

Needle EXchange Technology (NEXT) Harm Reduction is an online, mail-based platform designed for sending (1) naloxone kits to people at risk overdose and (2) sterile syringes other equipment directly who otherwise cannot access safe supplies. From its inception in 2017 through the end of 2019, NEXT sent 3609 individuals 1230 packages supplies received 335 reports reversals using provided by affiliates.

A growing body of research has reported on the potential opioid-sparing effects cannabis and cannabinoids, but less is known about specific mechanisms. The present examines cannabis-related posts in two large online communities Reddit platform (“subreddits”) to compare mentions naturalistic use by persons self-identifying as actively using opioids versus recovery. We extracted all mentioning keywords (e.g., “weed”, “cannabis”, “marijuana”) from December 2015 through August 2019 an opioid...

Background: Digitally-mediated peer support may improve opioid use disorder (OUD) recovery. Our objective was to examine the types and sources of stigma that people seek for in online OUD recovery communities (subreddits) on Reddit. Methods: We extracted all posts containing keywords from three subreddits as well a random sample do not contain keywords. conducted deductive content analysis confirm post self-described an experience identify type (condition, intervention) source...

Genetic research can produce information that is beyond the aims of study yet may be clinical or personal interest to participants. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 44 researchers who were asked describe how they would respond a hypothetical vignette regarding disclosure findings unanticipated significance Interviews transcribed and analyzed using content thematic analyses. Researchers' decision-making processes about whether disclose incidental governed by potentially...

Although persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the western United States-Mexico border region are known to both heroin and methamphetamine, little is about prevalence risks associated with co-injection of this depressant-stimulant combination (also as "goofball" "Mexican speedball").Baseline data from parallel cohort studies PWID conducted concurrently San Diego, CA, Tijuana, Mexico, were used estimate identify correlates heroin-methamphetamine co-injection. older than 18 years age reported...

Abstract Introduction and Aims Patterns of polydrug use among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be differentially associated with overdose unique human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors. Subgroups PWID in Tijuana, Mexico, were identified based on substances used, route administration, frequency co‐injection indicators. Design Methods Participants residing Tijuana age ≥18 years sampled from 2011 to 2012 reported injecting an illicit substance the past month (n = 735). Latent class...

Abstract Objective Social media platforms are promising to provide smoking cessation support. This study aimed identify baseline factors associated with cigarette abstinence among young adult smokers enrolled in a real-world social media-based program. Aims and Methods We analyzed data from (aged 18–30 years) participating publicly available Facebook-based program serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The analytic sample consisted of 248 participants who completed both follow-up surveys at 3...

This trial investigated whether a Facebook smoking cessation intervention culturally tailored to young sexual and gender minority (SGM) smokers (versus non-tailored) would increase abstinence.Participants were 165 SGM adult US (age 18-25) recruited from in April 2018 randomized an SGM-tailored (POP; N = 84) or non-tailored (TSP-SGM; 81) intervention. Interventions delivered weekly live counseling sessions 90 daily posts participants groups. Primary analyses compared POP TSP-SGM on...

The opioid crisis continues to exert a tremendous toll in North America, with existing interventions often falling short of addressing ongoing needs. Psychedelics are emerging as possible alternative therapy for mental health and substance use disorders. This study aimed gather insights on how people or considering using psychedelics manage disorder (OUD), these experiences perceived impact what lessons imply future research practice. We conducted qualitative the Reddit online community...

Knowledge regarding in-the-moment antecedents of cannabis use is lacking. We examined internal (e.g., mood, cravings) and external locations, people) among young adults regularly using both tobacco. Over 30 days, 36 (Mage = 24.2 years, 33% female, 8% nonbinary, 61% sexual minority, 44% Non-Hispanic White) completed multiple daily Ecological Momentary Assessment surveys, totaling 1,632 prompts. Generalized estimating equations estimated population-averaged relationships between the presence...

Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence remains an important validity check cessation trial outcomes. Digital health trials rarely establish in-person contacts between participants and intervention providers, requiring novel strategies to biochemically verify We describe remote via saliva cotinine individual predictors compliance in a digital intervention.Data came from feasibility randomized controlled Facebook for young adults. In both trials, completed baseline follow-up surveys at...

Background Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience stress, especially when they lack social support. SGM young adults may turn to media in search of a supportive community; however, use can become problematic it interferes with functioning. Problematic be associated experiences stress among adults. Objective The objective this study is examine the associations use, SGM-related internalized stigma, emotional support, depressive symptoms Methods Participants were who regular...

Little research has examined social development in the young adult years relative to childhood and adolescence. This study tested hypothesized pathways of model (SDM) adulthood for predicting symptoms alcohol use disorder (AUD) positive functioning at age 30. A longitudinal panel originally drawn from Seattle, Washington, elementary schools was examined. The sample included 808 participants with high retention gender balanced ethnically diverse. Analyses focused on ages 21, 27, SDM...

Tobacco use and heavy episodic drinking (HED) commonly co-occur in young adults. We developed tested usability of the Smoking Drinking (STAND) intervention for adults delivered on Facebook. To inform intervention, focus groups were held with 25 age 18 to (12% female; Mean = 20.4) who smoked cigarettes reported at least one HED episode past month. Facebook posts (N 180) tailored readiness quit smoking, two private behavioral change (Ready, Not Ready) N 29 (10% 20.8). Participants flagged need...