A continuous-flow microwave reactor with a unique pressure control device is described. The has been designed to withstand extremely high without the involvement of conventional backpressure-creating that commonly results in carryover and cross-contamination problems. efficiency evaluated by product conversions using two model reactions, namely, Claisen rearrangement synthesis benzimidazole.

Researchers have long tried to minimize training costs in deep learning while maintaining strong generalization across diverse datasets. Emerging research on dataset distillation aims reduce by creating a small synthetic set that contains the information of larger real and ultimately achieves test accuracy equivalent model trained whole dataset. Unfortunately, data generated previous methods are not guaranteed distribute discriminate as well original data, they incur significant...

One of the issues facing credit card fraud detection systems is that a significant percentage transactions labeled as fraudulent are in fact legitimate.These "false alarms" delay and can cause unnecessary concerns for customers.In this study, over 1 million unique from 11 months data large Canadian bank were analyzed.A meta-classifier model was applied to after being analyzed by Bank's existing neural network based algorithm.This consists 3 base classifiers constructed using decision tree,...

Synthetic data, artificially generated by computer programs, has become more widely used in the financial domain to mitigate privacy concerns. Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is one of most popular deep-learning models for generating synthetic data. However, VAE often considered a “black box” due its opaqueness. Although some studies have been conducted provide explanatory insights into VAE, research focusing on explaining how input data could influence create especially tabular still lacking....

We present a novel technique for cardinality-constrained index-tracking, common task in the financial industry. Our approach is based on market graph models. model our reference indices as graphs and express index-tracking problem quadratic K-medoids clustering problem. take advantage of purpose-built hardware architecture to circumvent NP-hard nature solve formulation efficiently. The main contributions this article are bridging three separate areas literature, models, K-medoid binary...

Multi-label image classification presents a challenging task in many domains, including computer vision and medical imaging. Recent advancements have introduced graph-based transformer-based methods to improve performance capture label dependencies. However, these often include complex modules that entail heavy computation lack interpretability. In this paper, we propose Probabilistic Contrastive Learning (ProbMCL), novel framework address challenges multi-label tasks. Our simple yet...

Abstract We introduce graph clustering quality measures based on comparisons of global, intra- and inter-cluster densities, an accompanying statistical significance test a step-by-step routine for assessment. Our work is centred the idea that well-clustered graphs will display mean intra-cluster density higher than global density. do not rely any generative model null graph. are shown to meet axioms good function. They have intuitive graph-theoretic interpretation, formal interpretation can...

Abstract This article presents a real options model that fits managerial cash flow estimates (optimistic, likely, and pessimistic projections) to continuous geometric Brownian motion (GBM) process with changing growth volatility parameters. The flows the value of project are correlated traded asset, so option is priced under risk-neutral measure closed-form solution. analysis extended sequential compound call for investments over multiple periods. If market, then some risk may be mitigated...

Disinfection by ultraviolet light (UV) has received wide endorsement as an important contribution to the multiple barrier approach for protection of public health. UV can be used both disinfect wastewater discharged environment, and that water when it is picked up again human consumption. readily blocks infectivity such chlorine-resistant pathogens Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia Legionella pneumophila. Multiple disinfectant use now being discussed broaden spectrum inactivated using...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of dissolved air flotation (DAF) have shown formation stratified flow (back and forth horizontal layers at the top separation zone) its impact on improved DAF efficiency. However, there has been a lack experimental validation CFD predictions, especially in presence solid particles. In this work, for first time, both two-phase (air–water) three-phase (air–water–solid particles) were evaluated pilot scale using measurements residence time distribution,...

Abstract A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to represent high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis. This accounted for the transient and multiphase (solids‐slurry) nature of hydrolysis process. The investigated effect slurry viscosity, rotational speed, two impeller configurations on distribution insoluble solids. Initial CFD results identified segregation velocity contours non‐Newtonian slurry, which could potentially affect reactor performance. multiphase, simulations showed that...

This study presents a novel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate important aspects of the complex high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis (HSEH) process. The uniqueness this CFD lies in integrating biochemical reaction taking place secondary phase and corresponding mass transfer products from non-Newtonian primary phase, while dual axial impellers blend multiphase system. distribution reactants affects overall conversion glucan glucose, which, turn, commercial deployment these...