Apomixis (asexual reproduction via seeds) has the potential to revolutionize sunflower breeding. In previous studies, we identified a diploid line (Rf975) that naturally exhibits extra gametophytes resembling aposporous apomictic embryo sacs (AES). Here, investigated nature (reduced vs. unreduced) and viability of these AES-like by examining formation triploid (3x) BIII hybrids (2n + n) in progeny Rf975. Flow cytometry analysis immature seeds revealed that, on average, 42.8% self-pollinated...

Abstract Capitate glandular trichomes (CGTs) of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) are epidermal structures that facilitate interactions between the plant and various floral visitors. This study aimed to investigate essential oil composition an anther's CGTs during different reproductive stages capitulum. We examined late development using differential interference contrast confocal microscopy identify secretory post‐secretory glands anthesis post‐anthesis disc flowers in a genotype with high...

Eragrostis curvula includes biotypes reproducing through obligate and facultative apomixis or, rarely, full sexuality. We previously generated a "tetraploid-dihaploid-tetraploid" series of plants consisting tetraploid apomictic plant (T), sexual dihaploid (D) artificial colchiploid (C). Initially, C was nearly 100% sexual. However, its capacity to form non-reduced embryo sacs dramatically increased over four year period (2003–2007) reach levels 85–90%. Here, we confirmed high rates in used...

KEY MESSAGE: ncRNA PN_LNC_N13 shows contrasting expression in reproductive organs of sexual and apomictic Paspalum notatum genotypes. Apomictic plants set genetically maternal seeds whose embryos derive by parthenogenesis from unreduced egg cells, giving rise to clonal offspring. Several apomixis related genes were identified prior work comparative transcriptome analyses. Here, one these candidates (namely N13) was characterized. N13 belongs a gene family including 30-60 members, which at...

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is currently the most accurate method for detecting differential gene expression, but depends greatly on normalization with stably expressed housekeeping genes.Transcriptomics analyses and experimental validation in different plant species have shown that reliability of these endogenous controls can be influenced by, growth conditions organs/tissues examined.Thus, reliable reference genes required to ensure proper normalization.This paper presents a...

High seed protein concentration (HP) in soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is attained by increases content large genotypes (HP seed) or reductions oil and carbohydrates contents small seed). We hypothesized that these alternative strategies impact development, component accumulation, gene expression differently. compared a standard commercial genotype with two HP having contrasting size. The exhibited the fastest rate longest period of growth reserves accumulation genotype. Seed development...

Imidazolinones are powerful herbicides that inhibit branched‐chain amino acid biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS). Imidazolinone application in advanced vegetative or early reproductive developmental stages is associated with male sterility resistant sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.); however, underlying mechanism this remains unknown. This study describes morphological, cytoembryological, and molecular alterations induced imazapyr (IM)...

Chlorosis level is a useful parameter to assess imidazolinone resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The aim of this study was quantify chlorosis through two different methods plantlets treated with imazapyr. genotypes used were inbred lines reported be their imidazolinones. evaluated by spectrophotometrical quantification photosynthetic leaf pigments and bioinformatics-based color analysis. A protocol for pigment extraction presented which improved stability. Chlorophyll amount...

Imidazolinone resistance found in a wild sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) population was successfully transferred to cultivated inbred line developing ‘Imisun’ sunflowers. Genetic regulation of this trait has been reported involve two genes: Imr1 , an allelic variant ahasl1 locus that codes for acetohydroxyacid synthase catalytic subunit, and the modifier Imr2 whose identity remains unknown, but it could be related non‐target‐site such as xenobiotic metabolism. The aim present study...

Abstract In the last few years, some research groups have reported occurrence of low apospory levels and/or integumentary embryony in wild Helianthus species. Considering potential impact apomixis as a tool to optimize plant breeding programs, we aimed characterize reproductive development nine self‐pollinated sunflower cultivars ( annuus L.) with diverse genetic backgrounds, order detect possible features that would allow future harnessing maternal reproduction into breeding....

Chlorsulfuron resistance and genetic dominance was evaluated in Raphanus raphanistrum genotypes homozygous (122-RR, 376-RR), heterozygous (122-RS, 376-RS) compound (122-R/376-R) for the target-site mutations Ala-122-Tyr Asp-376-Glu AHAS (acetohydroxyacid synthase) gene.

Imazapyr (IM) treatment applied at early reproductive developmental stages have been associated with induced male sterility in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The aim of this work was to determine the effects by two different doses IM-treatment (1X and 2X; 80 160 g a.i.·ha-1) on pollen grain yield, viability exine surface, an intermediate resistant (I) a completely (R) genotype. An anatomical analysis some during microsporogenesis microgametogenesis also achieved confocal microscopy....

Abstract In wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), cultivars resistant to imidazolinone herbicides are an important tool for weed management. The target site of imidazolinones is acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), enzyme coded by three homeologous genes ahasL‐A1 , ahasL‐B1 and ahasL‐D1 ). This study aimed evaluate the effect herbicide imazamox on a single‐gene AhasL‐D1 ) line (R1) two‐gene AhasL‐B1 (R2) at multiple biological levels. These lines showed variation in transcriptional levels ahasL...

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is today the third leading oilseed crop in world and seed yield a valuable trait for breeders researchers. The sunflower capitulum composed of 700 to 3000 individual flowers on flattered receptacle. Most reproductive stages (R5 R6) have at least two disc flower phenophase's coexisting same receptacle (E1 E4). Today, researchers agroecology manually quantify number that achieve anthesis different developmental presented method applies bioinformatic tool...

Abstract Chemically induced male sterility (CIMS) is a valuable tool for hybrid breeding in crops. In this context, the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)‐inhibiting imazapyr has been proposed to induce Imisun sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) when applied during early reproductive development two‐fold higher than recommended field dose. This study aimed perform comparative transcriptomic analysis find out molecular bases of gametocidal effect on two genotypes differing their herbicide...