A5062829851- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Sex work and related issues
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Media Influence and Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2021-2024
Abstract Background Lassa virus (LASV) is a persistent and lethal threat in endemic regions of West Africa. While severe disease due to fever (LF) responsible for 5000-10,000 deaths annually, there evidence wide spectrum clinical manifestation LASV infection. Methods The Coalition Epidemic Initiative (CEPI) sponsored ENABLE study prospective, observational, cohort the prevalence incidence infection LF five African countries: Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Benin. seroprevalence was...
Abstract Background While the severe detrimental impact of COVID-19 on incarcerated people is well known, little known about experience those community supervision. Our objective was to better understand pandemic and its collateral consequences for supervision (e.g., probation, parole). Beginning in December 2020, we conducted 185 phone surveys with participants The Southern Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Study across three sites - Florida, Kentucky, North Carolina. We rapid assessment...
E-cigarette use among youth remains a significant public health concern. In 2018, The Real Cost campaign began disseminating messages about the harms of vaping, primarily using digital media. We sought to determine prevalence aided recall e-cigarette prevention ads and identify potential differences by participant characteristics. Participants were nationally representative sample adolescents living in United States (US) households recruited National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at...
Although the harms of incarceration on health are well known, little is known about individuals' competing priorities to maintaining their while probation and parole after release from incarceration. We explored needs (lack insurance/access, hazardous alcohol use, substance food insecurity, un/underemployment, housing lack social support, length recent incarceration, prohibitive monthly fees, criminal legal discrimination) achieving well-being. overlap between overall This descriptive,...
Individuals involved with community supervision experience multi-level obstacles impacting health outcomes. This is a high-risk period for HIV acquisition due to potential reengagement in unprotected sex and/or unsafe injection drug practices. study aimed assess the congruence between actual and perceived risk degree which individual, social, behavioral factors impact perception among individuals on supervision. While all participants were clinically indicated PrEP, most (81.5%) did not...
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectious virus isolation in outpatients with disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated viral RNA levels and symptom duration, little is known about the host, disease, determinants of detection.
While Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is efficacious in preventing HIV, little known about PrEP use among those on community supervision. The Southern Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Study (SPECS) investigates barriers and facilitators for initiation adults supervision (e.g., probation, parole). Challenges to this setting are abundant. SPECS uses a mixed-methods sequential design, including multi-site, prospective cohort study three southern states – North Carolina, Florida, Kentucky. This analysis...
Objectives Cohort studies must implement effective retention strategies to produce internally valid and generalizable results. Ensuring all study participants are retained, particularly those involved in the criminal legal system, ensures findings future interventions will be relevant this group, who often lost follow-up: critical achieving health equity. Our objective was characterize describe overall among an 18-month longitudinal cohort of persons on community supervision prior during...
Estimating treatment (or policy or intervention) effects on a single individual unit has become increasingly important in health and biomedical sciences. One method to estimate these is the synthetic control method, which constructs control, weighted average of units that best matches treated unit’s pre-treatment outcomes other relevant covariates. The intervention’s impact then estimated by comparing post-intervention its serves as proxy for counterfactual outcome had not experienced...
Abstract Background While SARS-CoV-2 infectious virus isolation in outpatients with COVID-19 has been associated viral RNA levels and symptom duration, little is known about the host, disease determinants of detection. Methods adult were enrolled within 7 days onset. Clinical symptoms recorded via patient diary. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected to quantitate by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for Vero E6-cells. antibodies measured serum using a validated ELISA assay. Results...
Abstract Meaningful metrics of antiviral activity are essential for determining the efficacy therapeutics in human clinical trials. Molnupiravir (MOV) is a broadly acting nucleoside analog prodrug that acts as competitive alternative substrate SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We developed an assay, Culture-PCR, to better understand impact MOV therapy on infectious SARS-CoV-2. Culture-PCR revealed eliminated virus within 48 hours nasopharyngeal compartment, upper airway...
Separately, individuals with criminal legal involvement (CLI) and those who identify as a sexual minority are at heightened risk for experiencing discrimination engaging in hazardous alcohol use; however, little is known about the prevalence of these experiences behaviors among also have history CLI.