In this paper, we present the results of an experiment aiming to compare measurements atmospheric delay by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry and GPS techniques estimates numerical weather prediction. Maps differential are generated processing a set interferometric SAR images acquired ENVISAT-ASAR mission over Lisbon region from April November 2009. wet zenith carried out same area, covering time interval between first last acquisition. The Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model...

Abstract Very high resolution precipitable water vapor maps obtained by the Sentinel‐1 A synthetic aperture radar (SAR), using SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique, are here shown to have a positive impact on performance of severe weather forecasts. case study deep convection which affected city Adra, Spain, 6–7 September 2015, is successfully forecasted Weather Research and Forecasting model initialized with InSAR data assimilated three‐dimensional variational improved space time...

Abstract In this work we present a methodology for the mapping of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) temporal variations based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry technique and Sentinel-1 data. The shift in interferometric phase caused by refraction microwave signal penetrating snow layer is isolated exploited to generate maps variation SWE from coherent SAR interferograms. main advantage proposed with respect those inversion backscattering models its simplicity reduced number required...

This paper presents a methodology to generate maps of atmosphere's precipitable water vapor (PWV) over large areas with length hundreds kilometers and width about 250 km, based on the use interferometric Sentinel-1A/B C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data high spatial resolution 5 × 20 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> revisiting time six days. An algorithm calibrate merge PWV from different swaths Sentinel-1...

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology contribution to the comprehension of Earth’s atmosphere’s global and regional variations is essential. In GNSS processing, zenith wet delay obtained using difference between total hydrostatic delay. can also be converted into precipitable water vapor by knowing atmospheric weighted mean temperature profiles. Improving accuracy temperature, normally modeled surface meteorological parameters at coarse scales, leads a more accurate...

This paper studies the problem of assimilation precipitable water vapor (PWV), estimated by synthetic aperture radar interferometry, using Weather Research and Forecast Data Assimilation model 3-D variational data system. The experiment is designed to assess impact PWV on hydrometers rainfall predictions during 12 h after time. A methodology obtain calibrated maps their precision also presented. forecasts are compared with GPS estimates observations from a meteorological radar. Results show...

ABSTRACT Knowledge about water resources is critical for climate adaptation in face of long-term changes and more frequent extreme events occurrence. During the major droughts 2005 2010, a large epicenter was located southwestern Amazon over Purus River Basin. In this sense, we conducted hydrological simulation basin to assess change impacts on its throughout 21st century. The balance simulated using Distributed Hydrological Model (MHD-INPE). future projections were by regional ETA-INPE...

The neutral atmospheric delay is one of the major error sources in Space Geodesy techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and its modeling for high accuracy applications can be challenging. Improving delays (hydrostatic non-hydrostatic) also leads to a more accurate precise precipitable water vapor estimation (PWV), mostly real-time applications, where models play an important role, since numerical weather prediction cannot used processing or forecasting. This study...

The rapidly changing climate is amplifying both the frequency and severity of extreme weather events in Azores archipelago, Portugal. Understanding underlying dynamics these essential for effective mitigation. Atmospheric water vapor data derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reanalysis outputs an atmospheric general circulation model offer valuable tools studying behavior fronts around Atlantic Ocean environment Azores. This research aims to conduct a detailed comparison...

In this paper, the uncertainty of atmospheric delay maps obtained by a numerical weather model (NWM) is assessed. These models can simulate 3-D fields meteorological parameters at coarse scales. A few approaches, which are mainly based on zenith wet estimates derived NWM data, have been recently developed to mitigate propagation artifacts in synthetic aperture radar interferometry applications. However, an assessment these still missing. We present methodology radiosonde data assess from and...

Abstract The present study assesses the added value of high‐resolution maps precipitable water vapor, computed from synthetic aperture radar interferograms , in short‐range atmospheric predictability. A large set images, different weather conditions, produced by Sentinel‐1A a very well monitored region near Appalachian Mountains, are assimilated Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Results covering more than 2 years operation indicate consistent improvement vapor predictability up to...

Recently, synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has been recognized as a promising tool to generate high-resolution maps of atmospherical precipitable water vapor temporal changes (ΔPWV) from the propagation delay signal in atmosphere. The relationship between ΔPWV and mainly depends on vertical profiles temperature pressure. In this letter, we present methodology study spatial variations temperature's profile more accurate by means InSAR.

Abstract The present study assesses the viability of including water vapor data from Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in initialization numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, using already available Sentinel‐1 A and B products. Despite limitations resulting 6‐day return period images produced by 2‐satellite system, it is found that for a sufficiently large domain designed to contain set every 12 h (at varying locations), impact on model performance beneficial or at least...

The calculation of the tropopause height is crucial to investigation fundamental interactions between troposphere and stratosphere, playing an essential role in areas such as climatology, geodesy, geophysics, ecology, aeronautics. Since stratosphere have many distinct features, it possible define boundary them using different variables, temperature lapse rate, potential vorticity chemical concentrations. However, according chosen variable, definitions are created, each one with some...

In this article, a methodology to retrieve the precipitable water vapor (PWV) from differential interferometric time series is presented. We used external data provided by atmospheric weather models (e.g., ERA-Interim reanalysis) constrain initial state and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) phase ambiguities elimination introduced unwrapping algorithm. An iterative least-square then solve optimization problem. applied presented two of PWV maps estimated synthetic aperture radar (SAR)...

A methodology to generate calibrated maps of soil moisture from C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images processed by SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique is presented. The proposed uses atmospheric phase delay (APD) obtained a time series Sentinel-1 interferograms, disentangle the APD and contributions interferograms. We show how high spatial resolution short temporal baseline image can help estimate using daisy chain InSAR processing. estimated are compared with <italic...

Abstract Two and half years of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images obtained by Sentinel‐1 near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, before August 2019 are here analyzed assimilated in the Weather Research Forecast model (WRF) to assess quality water vapor field at core South American Low‐level Jet, downstream propagation implied anomalies into a large sector America. Due topographic locking Jet edge Andes cordillera Cruz, this experiment allows an assessment extension...

The availability of accurate rainfall data with high spatial resolution, especially in vast watersheds low density ground-measurements, is critical for planning and management water resources can increase the quality hydrological modeling predictions. In this study, we used two classical methods: optimal interpolation successive correction method (SCM), merging ground-measurements satellite estimates. Cressman Barnes schemes have been SCM order to define error covariance matrices. bias has...

Abstract A new atmospheric tomographic model totally based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations is proposed and tested against field observations. The method does not require a first guess, contain specific constraints the variability of water vapor density inside domain, able to produce reasonable results at 6 km horizontal 500 m vertical resolutions, from short (30 min) GNSS data samples. inversion uses Moore‐Penrose pseudoinverse, which made possible by increasing...

The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique has demonstrated its ability to capture temporal variations in tropospheric water vapor, providing a valuable source of information for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. Integrating InSAR data into NWP models the potential significantly enhance their forecasting capabilities, especially predicting local extreme weather events. challenge lies extracting single epoch from differential observations. In this work, we...

Abstract The use of optimized GNSS mapping functions is here shown to lead significant improvements in the performance a water vapor tomographic model, totally driven by observations. method improves recent proposal for unconstrained inversions and developed validated with data from Manaus dense network in‐situ radiosondes, covering different seasons synoptic conditions. optimization uses Monte Carlo technique find minimum root‐mean‐square error two‐dimensional parameter space. A set fixed...

Abstract Numerous processes affecting coastal ocean dynamics and water properties occur at the air-sea interface as a result of wind blowing on surface. In Earth system research, it is crucial to appropriately characterize surface (OSW) field because its significance in many academic economic activities. This study aimed evaluate accuracy most recent OSW datasets based numerical modeling remote sensing products estimating situ observations along Atlantic coast Iberian Peninsula. The results...

Atmosphere water vapour remains the largest limitation in high precision applications that make use of microwave signals as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). In last decade several methods like GPS (Global Positioning System), MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) and NWP (Numerical weather prediction) models were studied with aim obtaining a reliable product spatial temporal resolution to reduce impact have on signals. Water derived from optical sensor may be used...

Results of an experiment aiming to estimate soil moisture (SM) using indexes based on hyperspectral and multispectral data, decorrelation phase from SAR interferometry are presented. SM estimates compared with in-situ measurements SM. The issue spaceborne datasets not overlapping in time is studied. obtained PRISMA, Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2 data.