Structural properties of the Indian railway network is studied in light recent investigations scaling different complex networks. Stations are considered as "nodes" and an arbitrary pair stations said to be connected by a "link" when at least one train stops both stations. Rigorous analysis existing data shows that displays small-world properties. We define estimate several other quantities associated with this network.

Election data represent a precious source of information to study human behavior at large scale. In proportional elections with open lists, the number votes received by candidate, rescaled average performance all competitors in same party list, has distribution regardless country and year election. Here we provide first thorough assessment this claim. We analyzed election datasets 15 countries systems. confirm that class nations similar rules fulfill universality Discrepancies from trend...

We analyze an ideal gas like model of a trading market with quenched random saving factors for its agents and show that the steady state income ($m$) distribution $P(m)$ in has power law tail Pareto index $\nu$ exactly equal to unity, confirming earlier numerical studies on this model. The analysis starts development master equation time $P(m)$. Precise solutions are then obtained some special cases.

Citations measure the importance of a publication, and may serve as proxy for its popularity quality contents. Here we study distributions citations to publications from individual academic institutions single year. The average number have large variations between different across world, but probability can be rescaled common form by scaling that institution. We find this feature seems universal broad selection irrespective per article. A similar analysis in particular journal year reveals...

This review presents an overview of the current research in kinetic exchange models for opinion formation a society. The begins with brief introduction to previous and subsequently provides in-depth discussion progress achieved Biswas-Chatterjee-Sen model proposed 2012, also known as BChS some later publications. unique feature is its inclusion negative interaction between agents. covers various topics, including phase transitions different states, critical behavior dependent on parameters,...

We consider the ideal-gas models of trading markets, where each agent is identified with a gas molecule and as an elastic or money-conserving (two-body) collision.Unlike in ideal gas, we introduce saving propensity λ agents, such that saves fraction its money trades rest.We show steady-state wealth distribution market Gibbs-like for = 0, has got non-vanishing most-probable value 0 Pareto-like when widely distributed among agents.We compare these results observations on distributions various...

We study a model of continuous opinion dynamics with both positive and negative mutual interactions. The shows phase transition between consensus (order) having no (disorder). mean field version the was already studied. Using extensive numerical simulations, we same in two three dimensions. critical points transitions for various cases associated exponents have been estimated. universality class is found to be as Ising respective

We analyse the performance of Belief Propagation Guided Decimation, a physics-inspired message passing algorithm, on random $k$-XORSAT problem. Specifically, we derive an explicit threshold up to which algorithm succeeds with strictly positive probability $\Omega(1)$ that compute explicitly, but beyond high fails find satisfying assignment. In addition, thought experiment called decimation process for identify (non-) reconstruction and condensation phase transition. The main results present...

We study the dynamics of a few stochastic learning strategies for 'Kolkata Paise Restaurant' problem, where N agents choose among equally priced but differently ranked restaurants every evening, such that each agent tries to get dinner in best restaurant (with serving only one customer and rest customers arriving there going without evening). consider be similar all agents, assume follows same probabilistic or strategy dependent on information about past successes game. show some 'naive'...

Mounting evidences are being gathered suggesting that income and wealth distribution in various countries or societies follow a robust pattern, close to the Gibbs of energy an ideal gas equilibrium, but also deviating significantly for high groups. Application physics models seem provide illuminating ideas understanding, complimenting observations.

We study a resource utilization scenario characterized by intrinsic fitness. To describe the growth and organization of different cities, we consider model for where many restaurants compete, as in game, to attract customers using an iterative learning process. Results case with uniform fitness are reported. When is uniformly distributed, it gives rise Zipf law number customers. perform exact calculation fraction when choices made independent A variant also introduced can be treated ability...

We review in details some recently proposed kinetic models of opinion dynamics. discuss the several variants including a generalised model. provide mean field estimates for critical points, which are numerically supported with reasonable accuracy. Using non-equilibrium relaxation techniques, we also investigate nature phase transitions observed these models. study correlations as points approached, and comment on universality observed.

We show that in a variant of the minority game problem, agents can reach state maximum social efficiency, where fluctuation between two choices is minimum, by following simple stochastic strategy. By imagining scenario only guess about number excess people majority, we as long guessed value sufficiently close to reality, system full efficiency or minimum fluctuation. A continuous transition less efficient condition observed when becomes worse. Hence, optimize their for population period...