An MXene–graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensor for both influenza virus and 2019-nCoV sensing was developed characterized. The combines the high chemical sensitivity of MXene continuity large-area high-quality graphene to form an ultra-sensitive virus-sensing transduction material (VSTM). Through polymer linking, we are able utilize antibody–antigen binding achieve electrochemical signal when viruses deposited onto VSTM surface. integrated into a microfluidic channel that can...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) failures in high-speed integrated circuits (ICs) cause critical reliability problems electronic devices. Transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diodes are installed on I/O traces to improve system-level ESD protection. To protect the circuit, majority of current must flow into external TVS diode rather than IC, but due turn- <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</small> behavior, may not snap back when...

Correlation between near-field EMI scan and ESD susceptibility of a cellphone CPU IC is investigated. It shown that the depends on activity IC. Based obtained correlation these two scans, it sufficient to perform only by running application which highly loads CPU. This reduces measurement time as well probability physical damage

A microstrip slot antenna with novel E-shaped coupling aperture is presented. Different parameters of the are explored. It's shown that by varying dimensions and length Ls (matching stub), can be designed for high gain, dual band or quad characteristic. As it's compacting also possible. simple patch antenna, a practical designed. The last one developed to meet IEEE 802.11a/b/g 802.16d standards in order cover all wireless LAN WiMAX frequency bands. Last two antennas 47% smaller than regular...

Electrostatic discharges (ESD) to parts of a system can lead system-level soft-failures. These failures depend on the activity at moment discharge. This paper investigates ESD susceptibility as function different operating conditions such software loading, clock frequency, and VDD voltage. Due large number possible conditions, commercial automated scanner is modified used obtain maps for each condition. The core processor single-board computer selected device under test. It observed that...

An analysis methodology is presented to investigate soft failures in electronic devices. This combines transmission line pulse (TLP) full-wave simulations with system-level and TLP measurements. Information on susceptible parts the device under test (DUT) and/or failure sensitivity of integrated circuits (ICs) are obtained from Then, current spreading within printed circuit board (PCB) DUT simulated. The signals can be determined by comparing simulated voltages currents at signal...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD)-induced soft failures are a critical issue for electronic systems as the mostly found after hardware design is completed. Any changes applied to may delay project. Diagnostic tools capable of identifying failure-induced malfunctions in an early stage product help reduce risk late ESD-induced project delays. In many cases, can be directly observed by user interface, system crash, or other obvious indicators. However, operation marginal and applications not...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) into a functioning system can cause temporary upsets - soft failures. Subtle failures reduce the reliability of and cannot be detected by conventional methods based on external equipment or operation (OS) log. This paper presents proof concept for novel methodology detection ESD-induced through analyzing kernel function trace recordings system. The method is recording Linux calls during normal after ESD stress injection. recorded information visualized in forms...

A new measurement method is proposed for identifying small differences between the relative permittivity of data wires a twisted pair used in high-data-rate USB cables with <;1% uncertainty. This can also detect variations cross section insulated wires. Both are root causes differential mode to common-mode conversion, skew, and possibly electromagnetic interference. The based on forming coaxial structure around wire under test using metals low melting points, such as Field's metal or...

A wireless router, equipped with a test port that reports the activity of active CPU threads, is used to study soft-failures caused by ESD. The shows system functions being called threads via 6 Mbit/sec serial interface. effect ESD on and interaction analyzed using graph visualization methods.

A robotic ESD scanning system is presented for complex 3D objects. It provides pseudo-2D plots that illustrate the sensitive locations of device under test on a relative scale. Using this system, we could determine susceptible regions device. was observed disturbing different lead to soft-failure types. Determining complex-shaped DUT helps identify disturbed circuitry and verify effect countermeasures in repeatable way.

A novel design procedure for microstrip spiral antenna is presented. The uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) to achieve a specific goal e.g. wide band, dual multi etc. In this paper compact, and band was designed using the GA optimization method. first compacted by 20% at 2.7GHz provides 6.8dBi gain 2.6% bandwidth. second operates 4.7GHz 5.8GHz with 0.9% 6.5% bandwidth, 7dBi 6.5dBi gain, respectively. last achieved behavior X 95% efficiency 7.5dBi gain.

This paper analyzes skew due to unavoidable mechanical tolerances of a universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 cable. The contribution the is determined via full-wave simulation cable cross section. contributing factors and interaction terms are found using fractional factorial experimental design. Each factor's sensitivity investigated Monte Carlo simulations. design experiments approach allows recognition relationship between skew. skew-emission relationship, however, through systematic approach....

ESD characterization of an RF switch was investigated by measuring and analyzing the voltage current at its input output ports. This shows device starts conducting during events, allowing more than 1 A to pass through raising ~30 V.

A novel compensation method for right-angled bend, T-junction, and cross-junction is presented. This uses defected ground structures (DGS) to accomplish the task. Special design graphs are provided ease further designs. Three prototypes designed fabricated. The simulation measurement results in good agreement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF Microwave CAE, 2013.

This work presents the effectiveness of using machine learning (ML) synthesized voice samples to control smart speaker devices through radiated intentional electromagnetic interference (I-EMI). In previous works, feasibility I-EMI was shown. However, that are trained only recognize a single person's or execute certain commands from person will not be as susceptible this attack. By training generative adversarial network (GAN) target's voice, security feature can bypassed directly, increasing

Audio- and image-based soft failure detection methods are developed, which can detect both severe failures (such as system hang) subtle ones glitch or a momentary disturbance on display). Incorporating the developed with robotic ESD (electrostatic discharge) tester, we fully automated investigation tool. Using this tool, obtained failure-specific susceptibility maps for camera (our target device). These not only illustrated sensitive locations of device, they also showed what type is...

This paper provides initial data from a measurement setup that captures not only the magnitude of unwanted harmonic signals created by TVS diodes but also measures their phase. Initial SPICE simulations are used for qualitative comparison. Goal is to use phase information gain in-sight into mechanisms create harmonics, Transient Voltage Supressor diodes, imperfect metallic contacts.

Two complementary approaches are presented to help understand how CPU loading affects the sensitivity of an electronic device ESD (electrostatic discharge) stress. Both rely on synchronized noise injection while software is running at desired load. One monitors device's current consumption other electromagnetic field synchronize injections. These revealed that as increases, becomes more active and hence susceptible Moreover, it was observed that, in each condition, randomly became...

An experimental generator is presented, which can produce a damped sine-like current waveform for intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) studies. The based on an air-filled parallel plate transmission line and capable of generating electric field strength in the skilled technical category IEC61000-4-36 standard. Compared to available generators this category, proposed simpler yet more versatile terms controlling pulse amplitude; it generate from 0 ~230 kV/m between its plates, with...