The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has led to significant interest in second-generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials. This review underscores the pivotal role of valorization meeting global needs, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, fostering a circular bioeconomy. Key pretreatment methods—including steam explosion, pressure treatment, chemical pretreatment—are analyzed their ability enhance accessibility cellulose hemicellulose enzymatic...

The automotive upholstery industry, which processes bovine leathers, has struggled with vast amounts of solid waste, the majority are fractions, such as shavings and splits offcuts, both containing chromium (Cr) free Cr. In this work, a novel leather waste-to-fertiliser approach been tested: four lightly processed (incubation effective microorganisms) three aggressively (using pyrolysis or hydrolysis processes) tanned waste fractions were used. They applied organic nitrogen-based fertilisers...

Kitchen waste could be processed and recycled into safe fertilizers/soil improvers for sustainable agriculture through different methods: (1) Dried pellets from model kitchen treated with anaerobic effective microorganisms; (2) Anaerobically digested waste. For comparison, a commercial mineral fertilizer was used. These methods were applied in two separate glasshouse experiments: one under cool (mainly winter) conditions (X–IV) warm summer) (VI–X) consisting of 3–4 subsequent harvests...

The objective of this work was to determine the potential chicken manure as a substrate for biogas production after pretreatment. effects removing excess nitrogen from by water extraction in temperature range 20 °C 60 increase methane were investigated. dynamics process and efficiency also analyzed. As result fermentation pretreatment, 16 45% more 18 39% obtained compared without effect ratio carbon 2–2.7 times, which contributed increasing efficiency. proposed method seems be promising...

This study evaluates and estimates the agronomic effectiveness of food waste-derived fertilizers by analyzing plant yield internal efficiency nitrogen utilization (IENU) via statistical machine learning models. A dataset 448 cases from various waste treatments our experiments literature was analyzed. Plant IENU showed high variability, averaging 2268 ± 3099 kg/ha 32.3 92.5 kg N/ha, respectively. Ryegrass dominated (73.77%), followed unspecified grass (10.76%), with oats (4.87%)...

This study investigated the conversion of kitchen waste into environmentally friendly fertilizers and soil improvers using five various treatments: (1) inoculation with effective microorganisms followed by anaerobic fermentation, (2) 12 days decay before adding a double dose microbes, (3) sterilization at 70 °C for 1 h after decay, (4) microbes addition. In (5), was decayed, sterilized, digested without microbes. For comparison, commercial NPK fertilizer pelleted cow manure were also...

This study evaluates and estimates the agronomic effectiveness of food waste-derived fertilizers by analyzing plant yield internal efficiency nitrogen utilization (IENU) via statistical machine learning models. A dataset 448 cases from various waste treatments gathered our experiments existing literature was analyzed. Plant IENU exhibited substantial variability, averaging 2268 ± 3099 kg/ha 32.3 92.5 kg N/ha, respectively. Ryegrass dominated (73.77%), followed unspecified grass (10.76%),...

Municipal landfills generate a significant amount of high-energy biogas, which can be used as renewable gaseous fuel. However, it is necessary to improve the quality this biogas due presence various chemical compounds. The most common pollutants in landfill include volatile compounds silicon, sulphur, phosphorus and chlorine. aforementioned elements, well other metals, were found both deposits engine oil. paper presents detailed characteristics solid residues formed selected parts gas...

This article presents the most popular methods of sewage sludge management and analytical techniques which could be a powerful tool in designing new methods. Chemical analysis is also described as vital point at subsequent stages technological processes control quality assessment. It an instrument essential to maintaining processed introduced environment ready-to-use materials. The method conditioned by compliance with legal acts concerning management. important these contain information...

Personal care products and cosmetics are used daily by many people, causing local exposure to certain chemical substances through the application directly inside oral cavity, on skin, lips, eyes, mucosa. Eyeshadows among most commonly types of cosmetics. According scientific reports, they may contain heavy metals, especially in non-original products. The said metals cause skin irritation, sensitization, allergy. Due fact that applied around where is relatively thin, it likely can get into...

The main purpose of this research was to determine the chemical composition deposits in gas engines fuelled by coal mine methane (CMM), as well its dependence on place collection. This compared with that for formed biogas-powered engines. It also found varies depending their formation engine and gaseous fuel used. dominant mineral CMM contained Ca, Zn, P, S, which originate from oil additives. Al, Cr, Cu, Ti, Fe elements present tested samples are related wear under normal operation....

In the context of climate policy, measures are being taken around world to reduce pollution. These have been intensified in areas transport, industry, and energy, with goal zero emissions. The role biogas plant energy transition as a waste treatment for disposal is very important. This article describes research on dynamic anaerobic digestion (AD) process plant. subject this study was leather shavings, which problematic waste. presented here intended demonstrate decomposition flesh process,...

The leather industry generates significant amounts of waste, including chromium-tanned waste (CTLW), which poses environmental and health hazards due to chromium’s potential toxicity. Efficient management CTLW is crucial for sustainability resource recovery. Various methods exist chromium recovery, physical, chemical, biological processes, with chemical methods, particularly substitution extraction using organic acids, showing promising results. This study investigates the use acids from...