The patch-leaving problem is a canonical foraging task, in which forager must decide to leave current resource search for another. Theoretical work has derived optimal strategies when patch, and experiments have tested conditions where animals do or not follow an strategy. Nevertheless, models of decisions consider the imperfect noisy sampling process through animal gathers information, how this constrained by neurobiological mechanisms. In theoretical study, we formulate evidence...

Many animals, including humans, have evolved to live and move in groups. In disrupted social interactions are a fundamental feature of many psychiatric disorders. However, we know little about how genes regulate behavior. Zebrafish may serve as powerful model explore this question. By comparing the behavior wild-type fish with 90 mutant lines, show that mutations associated human disorders can alter collective adult zebrafish. We identify three categories behavioral variation across mutants:...

We investigate key principles underlying individual, and collective, visual detection of stimuli, how this relates to the internal structure groups. While individual collective are generally applicable, we employ a model experimental system schooling golden shiner fish ( Notemigonus crysoleucas ) relate theory directly empirical data, using computational reconstruction fields all individuals. This reveals external information available each group member depends on number individuals in...

Harvester ant colonies adjust their foraging activity to day-to-day changes in food availability and hour-to-hour environmental conditions. This collective behavior is regulated through interactions, the form of brief antennal contacts, between outgoing foragers returning with food. Here we consider how an ant, waiting entrance chamber just inside nest entrance, uses its accumulated experience interactions decide whether leave forage. Using videos field observations, tracked decisions ants...

Abstract Parasitism is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Although many fundamental aspects of host-parasite relationships have been unravelled, few studies systematically investigated how parasites affect organismal movement. Here we combine behavioural experiments Schistocephalus solidus infected sticklebacks with individual-based simulations to understand parasitism affects individual movement ability and thereby shapes social interaction patterns. High-resolution tracking revealed that...

Many animal behaviours exhibit complex temporal dynamics, suggesting there are multiple timescales at which they should be studied. However, researchers often focus on that occur over relatively restricted scales, typically ones more accessible to human observation. The situation becomes even when considering animals interacting, where behavioural coupling can introduce new of importance. Here, we present a technique study the time-varying nature social influence in mobile groups across...

A honey bee colony functions as an integrated collective, with individuals coordinating their behaviour to adapt and respond unexpected disturbances. Nest homeostasis is critical for function; when ambient temperatures increase, switch thermoregulatory roles cool the nest, such fanning water collection. While prior work has focused on bees engaged in specific behaviours, less known about how responses are coordinated at level, previous tasks predict behavioural changes during a heat stress....

Nearly all animals forage to acquire energy for survival through efficient search and resource harvesting. Patch exploitation is a canonical foraging behaviour, but there need more tractable understandable mathematical models describing how foragers deal with uncertainty. To provide such treatment, we develop normative theory of patch decisions, proposing mechanisms by which behaviours emerge in the face Our model statistically sequentially infer yields using Bayesian updating based on their...

Foraging is a fundamental behavior as animals’ search for food crucial their survival. Patch leaving canonical foraging behavior, but classic theoretical conceptions of patch decisions lack some key naturalistic details. Optimal theory provides general rules when an animal should leave patch, does not provide mechanistic insights about how those change with the structure environment. Such framework would aid in designing quantitative experiments to unravel behavioral and neural underpinnings...

Animals typically forage in groups. Social foraging can help animals avoid predation and decrease their uncertainty about the richness of food resources. Despite this, theoretical mechanistic models patch have overwhelmingly focused on behavior single foragers. In this study, we develop a model that accounts for individuals together departing patches following an evidence accumulation process. Each individual's belief quality is represented by stochastically accumulating variable, which...

In this paper we present a physics-based model for the electrochemical response of ionic liquid-ionic polymer transducers (IPTs) and show how mobile liquid ions influence charging characteristics actuation performance device. It is assumed that certain fraction exist as “free,” making total 3 ions. This leads to predictions distinctly different versus water-based IPTs, since latter there only single ion. The large are modeled by including steric effects in set modified Nernst-Planck/Poisson...

Local interactions, when individuals meet, can regulate collective behaviour. In a system without any central control, the rate of interaction may depend simply on how move around. But interactions could in turn influence movement; might seek out or their movement response to further rates. We develop general framework address these questions, using collision theory establish baseline expected based proximity. test models data from harvester ant colonies. A colony uses feedback inside nest...

In this work we perform coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the origins of thermal shape memory effect in crosslinked polymer materials. Thermal polymers (SMPs) are materials able hold a deformed when cooled below glass transition temperature, and subsequently recover initial heated. To use SMPs various applications requires which reliably their shapes; has sparked recent synthesis create new SMP with optimized properties. Here MD different chain models determine...

ABSTRACT Rodents serve as an important model for examining both individual and collective behavior. Dominance within rodent social structures can determine access to critical resources, such food mating opportunities. Yet, many aspects of the intricate interplay between behaviors resulting group hierarchy, especially its evolution over time, remain unexplored. In this study, we utilized automated tracking system that continuously monitored groups male rats 250 days enable in-depth analysis...

Ionic polymer transducers (IPTs), also known as ionic polymer-metal composites, are soft sensors and actuators which operate through a coupling of microscale chemical, electrical, mechanical interactions. The use an liquid solvent for IPT has been shown to dramatically increase transducer lifetime in free-air use, while allowing higher applied voltages without electrolysis. In this work, we apply Nernst-Planck/Poisson theory model charge transport by considering certain fraction the ions...

How individuals in a group lead to collective behavior is fundamental question across biological systems, from cellular animal groups, human organizations. Recent technological advancements have enabled an unprecedented increase our ability collect, quantify, and analyze how individual responses behavior. However, despite wealth of data demonstrating that exists scales, it difficult make general statements apply different systems. In this perspective, we present cohesive framework for...

Abstract A canonical foraging task is the patch-leaving problem, in which a forager must decide to leave current resource search for another. Theoretical work has derived optimal strategies when patch, and experiments have tested conditions where animals do or not follow an strategy. Nevertheless, models of decisions consider imperfect noisy sampling process through animal gathers information, how this constrained by neurobiological mechanisms. In theoretical study, we formulate evidence...

Ionic polymer transducers (IPTs), also known as ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), are smart sensors and actuators which operate through a coupling of micro-scale chemical, mechanical, electrical interactions. It is that ion movement, when voltage applied, causes stresses lead to net bending movement cantilevered transducer towards the anode. However, it not well understood how these arise, material microstructure affects observed macroscopic response. In this work, we apply...

Abstract Insect colonies are decentralized systems that employ task allocation, whereby individuals undertake different roles to fulfil colony needs, such as honey bee “nurses”, “nest workers”, and “foragers”. However, the extent which can be well-classified by discrete “roles”, how they change behavior from day-to-day, over entire lifetimes, with environmental conditions, is poorly understood. Using long-term automated tracking of 4,200 individually-identified bees Apis mellifera , we use...

ABSTRACT Nearly all animals forage, as it is essential to acquire energy for survival through efficient search and resource harvesting. Patch exploitation a canonical foraging behavior, but systematic treatment of how cope with uncertainty lacking. To address these shortcomings, we develop normative theory patch decisions, proposing mechanisms by which behaviors emerge in the face uncertainty. Our model foragers statistically sequentially infer yields using Bayesian updating based on their...