A5037090475- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Climate variability and models
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Fire dynamics and safety research
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
University of Sheffield
2016-2025
Leverhulme Trust
2018-2024
Colorado State University
2011-2017
Michigan Technological University
2003-2013
University of California, Los Angeles
2013
Research Triangle Park Foundation
2013
Environmental Protection Agency
2013
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
2013
Arcadis (United States)
2013
Harvard University
2008-2012
The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of Earth System (CESM) and used in several global regional modeling systems. In this paper, we introduce model developments included CLM version 5 (CLM5), which default for CESM2. We assess an ensemble simulations, including prescribed prognostic vegetation state, multiple forcing data sets, CLM4, CLM4.5, CLM5, against a range metrics from International Benchmarking (ILAMBv2) package. CLM5 includes new updated processes parameterizations:...
Abstract. We analyze an extensive record of aerosol smoke plume heights derived from observations over North America for the fire seasons 2002 and 2004–2007 made by Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument on board NASA Earth Observing System Terra satellite. characterize magnitude variability various biomes, assess contribution local atmospheric conditions to this variability. Plume are highly variable, ranging a few hundred meters up 5000 m above terrain at overpass time...
Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from U.S. anthropogenic sources is decreasing. However, previous studies have predicted that PM emissions wildfires will increase in the midcentury to next century, potentially offsetting improvements gained by continued reductions emissions. Therefore, some regions could experience worse air quality, degraded visibility, and increases population‐level exposure. We use global climate model simulations estimate impacts of changing fire on premature...
Abstract. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 5, is now coupled to extensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, called CAM5-chem, available in addition CAM4-chem the Earth System (CESM) 1.2. main focus of this paper compare performance configurations with internally derived "free running" (FR) meteorology "specified dynamics" (SD) against observations from surface, aircraft, satellite, as well understand origin identified differences. We on representation aerosols chemistry....
Abstract. The Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem has been used to perform the Chemistry Climate Initiative (CCMI) reference and sensitivity simulations. In this model, Atmospheric version 4 (CAM4) is fully coupled tropospheric stratospheric chemistry. Details specifics of each configuration, including new developments improvements are described. CESM1 a low-top model that reaches up approximately 40 km uses horizontal resolution 1.9° latitude 2.5° longitude. For specified...
Forestation is widely proposed for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) removal, but its impact on climate through changes to atmospheric composition and surface albedo remains relatively unexplored. We assessed these responses using two Earth system models by comparing a scenario with extensive global forest expansion in suitable regions other plausible futures. found that forestation increased aerosol scattering the greenhouse gases methane ozone following biogenic organic emissions. Additionally,...
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from large-scale replicated EW field trial across typical maize-soybean rotation an experimental farm in the heart United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). show average combined loss major cations (Ca 2+ and Mg ) basalt...
Abstract Enhanced weathering (EW) with agriculture uses crushed silicate rocks to drive carbon dioxide removal (CDR) 1,2 . If widely adopted on farmlands, it could help achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 2–4 Here we show, a detailed US state-specific cycle analysis constrained resource provision, that EW deployed agricultural land sequester 0.16–0.30 GtCO 2 yr −1 2050, rising 0.25–0.49 2070. Geochemical assessment of rivers and oceans suggests effective transport dissolved products from...
Extensive wildfires burned in northern North America during summer 2004, releasing large amounts of trace gases and aerosols into the atmosphere. Emissions from these frequently impacted PICO‐NARE station, a mountaintop site situated 6–15 days downwind fires Azores Islands. To assess impacts boreal wildfire emissions on levels aerosol black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides O 3 America, we analyzed measurements CO, BC, total reactive (NO y ), NO x + 2 ) made June to September 2004 combination...
We report summertime measurements of CO and O 3 obtained during 2001–2003 at the PICO‐NARE mountaintop station in Azores. Frequent events elevated mixing ratios were observed. On basis backward trajectories arriving free troposphere global simulations biomass burning plumes, we attribute nearly all these to North American pollution outflow long‐range transport emissions. There was a high degree interannual variability levels: median [CO] ranged from 65 ppbv 2001 104 2003. The highest...
We investigate rapid around‐the‐world transport of a smoke aerosol plume released by intense forest fires in southeastern Australia December 2006. During the first half 2006, suffered from severe drought and exceptionally high temperatures. On 14 passing cold front combination with heat causing pyro‐convective lofting, injected large mass particles into jet stream. track resulting using Aerosol Absorbing Index (AAI) observations Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) find that it circumnavigated...
We use a plume height climatology derived from space‐based Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) observations to evaluate the performance of widely used plume‐rise model. initialize model with assimilated meteorological fields NASA Goddard Earth Observing System and estimated fuel moisture content at location time MISR measurements. Fire properties that drive are difficult constrain, we test four estimates each active fire area total heat flux, obtained Moderate Resolution (MODIS)...
Abstract. Fire emissions are a critical component of carbon and nutrient cycles strongly affect climate air quality. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with interactive fire modeling provide important estimates for long-term large-scale changes in emissions. Here we present the first multi-model gridded historical 1700–2012, including 33 species trace gases aerosols. The dataset is based on simulations nine DGVMs different state-of-the-art that participated Modeling Intercomparison...
Abstract. We use a global coupled chemistry–climate–land model (CESM) to assess the integrated effect of climate, emissions and land changes on annual surface O3 PM2.5 in United States with focus national parks (NPs) wilderness areas, using RCP4.5 RCP8.5 projections. show that, when stringent domestic emission controls are applied, air quality is predicted improve across US, except over western central US under conditions, where rising background ozone counteracts reductions. Under scenario,...
Ozone air pollution and climate change pose major threats to global crop production, with ramifications for future food security. Previous studies of ozone warming impacts on crops typically do not account the strong ozone-temperature correlation when interpreting crop-ozone or crop-temperature relationships, spatial variability crop-to-ozone sensitivity arising from varietal environmental differences, leading potential biases in their estimated losses. Here we develop an empirical model,...
We present an analysis of over 23,000 globally distributed wildfire smoke plume injection heights derived from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) space-based, multi-angle stereo imaging. Both pixel-weighted and aerosol optical depth (AOD)-weighted results are given, stratified by region, biome, month or season. This offers observational resource for assessing first-principle plume-rise modelling, can provide some constraints on dispersion modelling climate air quality applications....
Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is one of the most hazardous air pollutants as it harms both human health and plant productivity. Foliage uptake via dry deposition damages photosynthesis causes stomatal closure. These foliage changes could lead to a cascade biogeochemical biogeophysical effects that not only modulate carbon cycle, regional hydrometeorology climate, but also cause feedbacks onto surface concentration itself. In this study, we implement semi-empirical parameterization damage on...
We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with chemistry transport model, MOZART‐4, evaluated by comparison comprehensive set aircraft measurements. In analysis we use measurements carbon monoxide (CO) (O 3 ) at PICO‐NARE station located Azores within pathway North American outflow. modeled mixing ratios used to test robustness enhancement ratio ΔO /ΔCO (defined as excess...
Deuterium‐excess ( d ) in water is a combination of the oxygen δ 18 O) and hydrogen D) isotope ratios, its variability thought to indicate location environmental conditions marine moisture source. In this study, we analyze vapor v from six sites, all between 37 44°N examine patterns atmospheric surface layer identify main drivers variability. Two sites are urban settings (New Haven, CT, USA Beijing, China), two agricultural (Rosemount, MN, Luancheng, natural ecosystems, forest (Borden...
Abstract. We estimate future area burned in the Alaskan and Canadian forest by mid-century (2046–2065) based on simulated meteorology from 13 climate models under A1B scenario. develop ecoregion-dependent regressions using observed relationships between annual total a suite of meteorological variables fire weather indices, apply these to meteorology. find that for Alaska western Canada, almost all predict significant (p < 0.05) increases at mid-century, with median values ranging 150 390...
Surface ozone (O