Oat ( Avena sativa L.) yield and quality on the northern Great Plains are consistently reduced by frequent drought wild oat fatua competition. Wild cannot be selectively removed from with herbicides. Identifying genotypes or seed size(s) high germination potential under moisture stress may facilitate improved seedling vigor, stand establishment, crop competitiveness. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine effects of genotype size subjected stress. Large, medium, small seeds six common...

Carabid beetles can greatly contribute to biocontrol in agroecosystems, reducing both insect pests and weed seeds. However, foraging feeding behavior be highly dependent on the interaction network spatial structure of environment, which make their contributions variable. In present article, we explore how carabids affect vegetation specific agronomy practices can, turn, strength interactions network. We suggest that research carabid should move toward an approach among pests, carabids, other...

Harker, K. N., O’Donovan, J. T., Smith, E. G., Johnson, Peng, Willenborg, C. J., Gulden, R. H., Mohr, R., Gill, S. and Grenkow, L. A. 2015. Seed size seeding rate effects on canola emergence, development, yield seed weight. Can. Plant Sci. 95: 1–8. Canola (Brassica napus L.) is the most common dicotyledonous crop in Canada. Here we determine effect of In 2013, direct-seeded experiments were conducted at nine western Canada locations. Four sizes (1000-seed weights ranging from 3.96 to 5.7 g)...

Harker, K. N., O'Donovan, J. T., Turkington, T. K., Blackshaw, R. E., Lupwayi, N. Z., Smith, E. G., Klein-Gebbinck, H., Dosdall, L. M., Hall, Willenborg, C. J., Kutcher, H. R., Malhi, S. S., Vera, L., Gan, Y., Lafond, G. P., May, W. Grant, A. and McLaren, D. 2012. High-yield no-till canola production on the Canadian prairies. Can. Plant Sci. 92: 221–233. Relatively high prices increasing demand for (Brassica napus L.) have prompted growers to produce more cropland. Here we determine if seed...

Polymer coatings have recently been developed to prevent germination and thereby reduce undesirable emergence of fall‐seeded canola ( Brassica napus L.) in western Canada. However, recent observations suggest that if seeds are not exposed moist soil conditions the fall, these polymer coats may imbibition subsequent during following spring. Our objective was determine effects moisture stress coat on seed characteristics laboratory. Polymer‐coated non‐polymer‐coated were germinated...

In western Canada, more money is spent on wild oat herbicides than any other weed species, and resistance to the most widespread issue. A direct-seeded field experiment was conducted from 2010 2014 at eight Canadian sites determine crop life cycle, seeding rate, usage, herbicide rate combination effects management canola yield. Combining 2× rates of early-cut barley silage with winter cereals excluding for 3 5 yr (2011 2013) often led similar density, aboveground biomass, seed density in...

The increasing occurrence of herbicide resistance, along with no new modes action developed in over 30 yr, have increased the need for nonherbicidal weed management strategies and tactics. Harvest seed control (HWSC) practices been successfully adopted Australia to manage problematic weeds. For HWSC be effective, a high proportion seeds must retained on plant at crop maturity. This 2-yr (2014, 2015) study evaluated shatter wild oat, green foxtail, mustard, cleavers both an early (field pea)...

Beckie, H. J., Gulden, R. H., Shaikh, N., Johnson, E. Willenborg, C. Brenzil, A., Shirriff, S. W., Lozinski, and Ford, G. 2015. Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 345–349. Previous surveys have documented the occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Alberta 2011 2012. To determine incidence GR Manitoba, a stratified-randomized survey 342 sites (one population per site) southern central regions similar 283 Manitoba was...

The traditional visual rating system is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery-based vegetation indices (VI) have potential applications in high-throughput plant phenotyping. study objective determine if UAV imagery provides accurate consistent estimations of crop injury from herbicide application its as an alternative ratings. was conducted at the Kernen Crop Research Farm, University Saskatchewan 2016 2017. Fababean (Vicia faba L.)...

Abstract Growers in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) are increasingly adopting winter wheat (WW; Triticum aestivum L.) into their crop rotations years of ideal fall planting conditions due to its high yield potential. Our study evaluated WW responses rotational crops, soybean ( Glycine max and lentil Lens culinaris L.), field peas Pisum sativum faba bean Vicia canola Brassica napus flax Linum usitatissimum oats Avena sativa different schemes following crop: WW‐WW, hard red spring (HRSW)‐WW,...

ABSTRACT As first‐generation genetically modified/transgenic crops with novel agronomic traits have been grown commercially in a number of countries since the mid‐1990s, second‐generation (CNTs) are now being tested confined field trials around world. Postrelease monitoring (PRM) abiotic stress–tolerant and other CNTs will strengthen prerelease environmental risk assessments, for which protocols developed. We outline comprehensive framework protocol case‐specific PRM such Canada, using...

Most red lentil produced worldwide is consumed in dehulled form, and post-harvest milling splitting qualities are major concerns the secondary processing industry. Lentil producers northern temperate regions usually apply pre-harvest desiccants as harvest aids to accelerate crop drying process facilitate harvesting operations. This paper reports on field studies conducted at Scott Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 2012 2013 cropping seasons evaluate whether herbicides applied alone or tank...

Seed shatter of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.], mustard (Sinapis arvensis cleavers (Galium spurium L. and G. aparine buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus kochia [Kochia scoparia Schrad.] was evaluated in field pea, spring wheat, canola fields Saskatchewan 2014 2015. assessed using trays collected once a week during the crop ripening stage, as well at swathing or direct-harvest (direct-combining). differed among weed species pea wheat maturity: 22%–30%...

Ground beetles are postdispersal weed seed predators, yet their role in consuming buried seeds is not well studied. We conducted greenhouse experiments to investigate how burial affects consumption of (volunteer canola) by adult ground (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Seed depth influenced rates as demonstrated a significant interaction between depth, carabid species, and gender the tested. observed higher females all greater scattered on soil surface compared with at any depth. However, there was...

Canola ( Brassica napus L.) is the main oilseed crop grown in northern Great Plains (Canada). This species, however, also associated with significant seed losses before and during harvest. To determine factors that contribute to on‐farm harvest B. , an extensive survey was conducted four regions across 2010, 2011, 2012. In addition measuring on 310 fields, a questionnaire used collect agronomic data for each field wind from nearest local weather station speed season. study showed total...

Competition is a key feature that structures the composition of plant communities. A growing body evidence showing presence neighbours, especially belowground induces varied morphological responses in plants. However, many species, it not known whether neighbour identity also influences such as biomass allocation patterns. To assess response to above- and identity, we conducted greenhouse experiment consisting conspecific (pea; Pisum sativum L.) heterospecific (oat; Avena sativa neighbours...

Kochia ( Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott) is a problematic tumbleweed, which infests row crops and ruderal areas within western Canada. Herbicide resistance makes kochia management challenging for producers. Widespread to acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, evolution spread of glyphosate resistance, the occurrence dicamba has been previously noted in Saskatchewan. This study's objective was evaluate distribution glyphosate- dicamba-resistant central southern A randomized, stratified survey...

Abstract Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), the wheat stem sawfly, is a well-established and important pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum Linnaeus (Poaceae), its relatives in North America. Crop losses are caused directly by C. feeding inside stems during larval development indirectly when weakened plants lodge before being harvested. Understanding factors that affect population dynamics can help farmers to better manage it. Our study therefore explored how natural enemy densities...

Increased adoption of no-till and extensive cultivation herbicide-resistant (HR) crops in low diversity rotations are some transformations that occurred during the 1970s–2000s western Canada. Historical data analysis weed survey (Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta) canola a rotation field experiment were used to understand how tillage, cropping systems, temporal frequency can impact abundance, composition, Canadian prairies. Weed revealed spatial many species declined years after 1995 compared...

We used laboratory and field feeding trials to investigate adult carabid beetle preferences for three brassicaceous weed species (rapeseed, wild mustard, pennycress) that are pests in canola. All preferred seeds of rapeseed most those pennycress least showed intermediate preference mustard seeds. Beetles highly imbibed all species. Activity–density carabids mean seed removal were correlated plots canola, with activity–density accounting 67% the observed variation removal. Our study indicates...

The inclusion of competitive crop cultivars in rotations is an important integrated weed management (IWM) tool. However, competitiveness often not considered a priority for breeding or cultivar selection by growers. Field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) poor competitor with weeds, but it known whether varies among semileafless cultivars. objectives this study were to determine if field vary their ability compete and/or withstand competition, as well identify aboveground trait(s) that may be...