The production of protein from animal sources is often criticized because the low efficiency converting plant feeds into in products. However, this critique does not consider fact that large portions plant-based proteins fed to animals may be human-inedible and quality usually superior as compared with proteins. aim present study was therefore assess changes course transformation potentially human-edible products via livestock production; data 30 Austrian dairy farms were used a case study....

Abstract The tremendous increase in the lactation performance of dairy cows during last 60 years has had dramatic consequences on fertility and vitality (fitness) animals. Unprecedented average levels have resulted an equally unprecedented reduction longevity. Economic pressure to further reduce age at first calving is still high, although negative correlation between precocious maturity longevity well documented relevant literature. Ever more aggressive selection feeding measures are being...

Soybean oil (SO), rapeseed (RO), or two commercial fat products (FP1, FP2) were incorporated at 3.5% levels into four different corn-soybean meal mash broiler diets. Each of the diets was fed to five replicates (pens) chickens for 42 d. After slaughtering birds, samples abdominal fat, subcutaneous and extracted from thigh breast portion collected 16 birds per treatment. The analyzed their fatty acid composition using gas chromatography melting point recorded. results showed that had very...

The dairy industry in many regions of the world has moved towards a high-input/high-output system maximising annual milk production per cow, primarily through increasing concentrate-based total mixed rations fed indoors year round, as opposed to allowing cows feed on pasture. Pasture-based systems like New Zealand and Ireland are oriented maximum yield unit pasture, which led Holstein strains that 50 100 kg lighter, exhibit higher body condition score, produce roughly half amount compared...

The optimal utilization of forages is crucial in cattle production, especially organic dairy systems that encourage forage-based feeding with limited concentrate amounts. Reduction the particle size known to improve feed intake and thus might be a viable option help cows cope less nutrient-dense feeds. main aim this study was evaluate effects reducing forage geometric mean 52 mm (conventional size; CON) 7 (reduced RED) high-forage diet (80% dry matter) on cows' sorting behavior, intake,...

Summary The discussion on the role of livestock in human food security is often controversial. Therefore, aim present study was to assess net contribution different protein and energy supply. Furthermore, proportions feed derived from land categories were estimated. National data 2011–2013 for main Austrian (cattle, dairy cows, growing-fattening bulls, swine, broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, sheep, goats) used this case study. Cattle only species that contributors both When accounting...

BACKGROUND: Organic milk production aims at efficient use of home-grown feeds, especially forages, to minimise the quantity purchased feeds. In conventional agriculture, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is known for its high energy content and palatability, aim present study was examine suitability as feed organic dairy cows. Therefore a feeding trial conducted comparing diet including 50% (of silage dry matter (DM)) with control based on grass/clover (a mixture second cut from...

A rumen simulation technique was used to evaluate the effects of complete substitution a common concentrate mixture (CON) with consisting solely by-products from food industry (BP) at 2 different forage-to-concentrate ratios on ruminal fermentation profile, nutrient degradation, and abundance microbiota. The experiment 2×2 factorial arrangement types (CON BP) levels (25 50% diet dry matter). consisted experimental runs 12 vessels each (n=6 per treatment). Each run lasted for 10d, data...

Our objective was to determine what extent rate and efficiency of protein gain in finishing cattle can be enhanced by feeding an amino acid-balanced mixture undegraded intake proteins. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein System (CNCPS) model used formulate a corn-based diet that would meet the rumen requirements for 410-kg large-framed steers with estrogen implant fed ionophore. CNCPS also highly undegradable (UIP) from meat bone meal, blood fish hydrolyzed feather meal provide acids needed...

The objective of this N balance study was to determine the potential for improving efficiency and rate dietary utilization in Holstein steers by feeding an amino acid-balanced mixture animal by-product protein sources combination with urea. Beef NRC 1996 Model Level 2 used formulate a corn-based (86:14 concentrate-hay) control diet soybean meal as primary supplement that would provide ME metabolizable (MP) allowable ADG 1.4 kg 250-kg estrogenic implant fed ionophore. A porcine meat bone...

Abstract During the winter feeding period in organic dairy production systems alpine and pre-alpine regions of Austria its neighboring countries, maize silage is an energy-rich forage that regularly included grass-silage-based diets to improve energy supply cows. Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) also a high-energy fodder grass popular as for cows, but it rarely cultivated Austrian agriculture. The two crops differ their cultivation demands characteristics. establishes rapidly may...

Since maize silage is an important forage in cattle nutrition, it to know its nutritive value. Much effort put into breeding maize, and several new varieties are introduced on the market every year. This requires periodical analyses of value current for formulation rations. The aim this study was examine whole crop (WCMS) from nine 3 consecutive years. For analysis nutrient composition ruminal degradability organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom) non-fibre...