We experimentally and theoretically investigate thermal domain evolution in near-transition KTN:Li. Results allow us to establish how polarization supercrystals form, a hidden 3D topological phase composed of hypervortex defects. These are the result six converging vortices, each associated one orientation broken inversion symmetry. also identify rescaling soliton lattices patterns that replicate on different scales. Findings shed light volume self-organization into closed-flux open up new...

We observe chaotic optical wave dynamics characterized by erratic energy transfer and soliton annihilation creation in the aftermath of a three-soliton collision photorefractive crystal. Irregular are found to be mediated nonlinear Raman effect, coherent interaction that leads nonreciprocal exchange. Results extend analogy between solitons particles emergence chaos three-body physics provide new insight into origin irregular accompany extreme rogue waves.

Fabricating integrated waveguides using light is key to realizing miniaturized optical circuits and networks in a full three-dimensional volume, an achievement that presently hampered by diffraction the writing beams. The authors demonstrate use of nondiffracting Bessel beams write support localized modes, so no occurs during fabrication. Creations include single, double, multiwaveguide splitters couplers, along with electro-optic modulators, family components can pave way densely packed...

We perform redundant x-ray diffraction versus temperature experiments in bulk transparent KTN. find a violation of the standard perovskite cubic-to-tetragonal symmetry breaking at Curie point form an orthorhombic cell distortion. The lattice distortion spans coherently macroscopic volumes sample and is characterized by negative-to-zero thermal volume expansion. Dielectric measurements calorimetry indicate that anomalous behavior not associated to distinct thermodynamic phase. comparison...

We investigate the evolution of state polarization light propagating through bulk depoled composite ferroelectrics below Curie temperature. In contrast to standard ferroelectrics, where random birefringence causes depolarization and scattering, is observed suffer varying degrees remains fully polarized when linearly along crystal principal axes. The effect found be supported by formation speckles organized into a spatial lattice occurs as ferroelectric settles spontaneous super-crystal,...

We experimentally and numerically explore the role of dimensionality in multiple (three or more) soliton fusion supported by nonreciprocal energy exchange. Three-soliton into an intense wave is found when extra dimension, with no broken inversion symmetry, involved. The phenomenon observed for $2+1\mathrm{D}$ spatial waves photorefractive crystals, where solitons are a spatially local saturated Kerr-like self-focusing driven leading nonlocal correction, analog nonlinear Raman effect.

The Kerr nonlinearity allows for exact analytic soliton solutions in 1+1D. While nothing excludes that these solitons form naturally occurring real-world 3D settings as solitary walls or stripes, their observation had previously been considered unfeasible because of the strong transverse instability intrinsic to extended nonlinear perturbation. We report are fully compatible with 1+1D paradigm limit hosted a 2+1D system. waves stripe spatial bulk copper doped...

Abstract A hyperbolic medium will transfer super-resolved optical waveforms with no distortion, support negative refraction, superlensing, and harbor nontrivial topological photonic phases. Evidence of effects is found in periodic resonant systems for weakly diffracting beams, metasurfaces, even naturally layered systems. At present, an actual propagation requires the use metamaterials, a solution that accompanied by constraints on wavelength, geometry, considerable losses. We show how...

We perform percolation analysis of crossed-polarizer transmission images in a biased nanodisordered bulk KTN:Li perovskite. Two distinct percolative transitions are identified at two electric field thresholds. The low-field transition involves directional fractal chain dimension $\mathcal{D}=1.65$, while the high-field has $\mathcal{D}>2$. Direct cluster imaging volume is achieved using high-resolution orthographic 3D projections based on giant refraction. Percolation attributed to...

We report the observation of strong nonreciprocal soliton amplification mediated by a Raman-scattering-like effect in single isolated collisions. A pump is found to lose greater part its energy signal soliton, irrespective pump-signal relative amplitude. The result an efficient rectifying mechanism able accumulate into extreme waves. Experiments are carried out through photorefractive two-wave mixing with gain coefficient up 80 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ that emerges conditions...

Abstract Nonlinear response in a material increases with its index of refraction as n 4 . Commonly, ~ 1 so that diffraction, dispersion, and chromatic walk-off limit nonlinear scattering. Ferroelectric crystals periodic 3D polarization structure overcome some these constraints through versatile Cherenkov quasi-phase-matching mechanisms. Three-dimensional self-structuring can also lead to giant optical refraction. Here, we perform second-harmonic-generation experiments KTN:Li conditions...

We report a spectroscopic investigation of potassium-lithium-tantalate-niobate (KTN:Li) across its room-temperature ferroelectric phase transition, when the sample manifests supercrystal phase. Reflection and transmission results indicate an unexpected temperature-dependent enhancement average index refraction from 450 nm to 1100 nm, with no appreciable accompanying increase in absorption. Second-harmonic generation phase-contrast imaging that is correlated domains highly localized at...

The Kerr nonlinearity allows for exact analytic soliton solutions in 1+1D. While nothing excludes that these solitons form naturally-occurring real-world 3D settings as solitary walls or stripes, their observation has previously been considered unfeasible because of the strong transverse instability intrinsic to extended nonlinear perturbation. We report are fully compatible with 1+1D paradigm limit hosted a 2+1D system. waves stripe spatial bulk copper doped...

Ferroelectrics undergoing spontaneous symmetry breaking can manifest intricate domain patterns that allow the exploration of topological defects and their potential applications, such as domain-wall nanoelectronics. Engineering actual devices remains a challenge have complexity-driven properties whose origin nature are still obscure. In relaxor ferroelectrics, dominant unconventional behavior, including thermal hysteresis dielectric dispersion, is believed to result from frustrated dynamics...

We demonstrate experimentally in biased photorefractive crystals that collisions between random-amplitude optical spatial solitons produce long-tailed statistics from input Gaussian fluctuations. The effect is mediated by Raman nonlocal corrections to Kerr self-focusing turn soliton–soliton interaction into a Maxwell demon for the output wave amplitude.

Frequency conversion and, more specifically, second harmonic generation, is a fundamental phenomenon in nonlinear optics, both for applications and research. The occurring of this last effect crystals requires that the frequency-doubled propagating beam interferes constructively with pump itself, phase-matching (PM) condition which due to momentum-conservation laws. These lead wavelength-dependent constraints on process geometry while wavevector mismatch accompanied by chromatic walk-off....

A basic hereto unsolved puzzle of nonlinear wave dynamics is the emergence rogue waves that, in some systems, form from a mixture interaction, noise, and extreme response, conditions which are dominated by particle-like solitons. Previous studies have found that two-soliton interaction can result nonreciprocal soliton amplification, mechanism allow accumulation energy required to when number interacting solitons increases [1]. This raises new question: multiple collisions (three or more)...

Previous research demonstrated that two-soliton interactions can lead to nonreciprocal soliton amplification, a mechanism accumulate energy for rogue wave formation as increase. The question arises whether three or more collisions amplification chaotic behavior, akin the three-body problem in particle physics. Through experiments and simulations using photorefractive potassium-lithium-tantalate-niobate (KTN:Li) crystal, our study explores multiple with strong exchange. Chaotic dynamics...

Summary form only given. We report broadband refraction and diffraction experiments in a ferroelectric perovskite, solid-solution K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.997</sub> Ta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.64</sub> Nb xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.36</sub> :Li xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.003</sub> (KTN:Li), that demonstrate an index of n > 26 across the entire visible spectrum...

Programmable waveguides scalable into highly integrated photonic circuits are key ingredients to the development of innovative optical technology in various rapidly growing fields, including linear quantum computation and information processing [1-3]. At present, no writing technique based solely on waves has been demonstrated a full macroscopic volume circuit fabrication involves step-by-step printing that becomes increasingly cumbersome as design complexity grows. We demonstrate method...

In this work we report broadband refraction and diffraction experiments in a ferroelectric perovskite, solid-solution K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.997</sub> Ta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.64</sub> Nb xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.36</sub> :Li xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.003</sub> (KTN:Li), that demonstrate an index of across the entire visible spectrum. The sample has...

We perform real-time stereoscopic wide-area imaging of a ferroelectric phase-transition in KTN:Li. Spontaneous polarization is observed to form thermally hysteretic 3D lattice mutually interlinked closed-flux patterns that spans the entire sample. Results are compatible with supercrystal $N=4$ topological texture defects arising as three-fold spatial and one-fold time-inversion symmetries simultaneously broken. Each site emerges projection actual space an S$^3$ hypersphere, extended volume...