Using the PRISMA approach, we present first systematic literature review of digital twin (DT) research in healthcare systems (HSs). This endeavor stems from pressing need for a thorough analysis this emerging yet fragmented area, with goal consolidating knowledge to catalyze its growth. Our findings are structured around three questions aimed at identifying: (i) current trends, (ii) gaps, and (iii) realization challenges. Current trends indicate global interest interdisciplinary...

ABSTRACT Multi‐purpose large language models (LLMs), a subset of generative artificial intelligence (AI), have recently made significant progress. While expectations for LLMs to assist systems engineering (SE) tasks are paramount; the interdisciplinary and complex nature systems, along with need synthesize deep‐domain knowledge operational context, raise questions regarding efficacy generate SE artifacts, particularly given that they trained using data is broadly available on internet. To...

Systems engineering (SE) is evolving with the availability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and demand for a systems-of-systems perspective, formalized under purview mission (ME) in US Department Defense. Formulating ME problems challenging because they are open-ended exercises that involve translation ill-defined into well-defined ones amenable development. It remains to be seen which extent AI could assist problem formulation objectives. To end, this paper explores quality...

Multi-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), a subset of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), have recently made significant progress. While expectations for LLMs to assist systems engineering (SE) tasks are paramount; the interdisciplinary and complex nature systems, along with need synthesize deep-domain knowledge operational context, raise questions regarding efficacy generate SE artifacts, particularly given that they trained using data is broadly available on internet. To end, we...

Abstract In an increasingly interconnected & cyber-physical world, complexity is often cited as the root cause of adverse project outcomes, including cost-overruns and schedule delays. This realization has prompted calls for better management, which hinges on ability to recognize measure early in design process. However, while numerous measures (CMs) have been promulgated, there limited agreement about “how” should be measured what a good entail. this paper, we propose framework...

Abstract Decomposition is a dominant design strategy because it enables complex problems to be broken up into loosely-coupled modules that are easier manage and can designed in parallel. However, contrary widely held expectations, we show complexity increase substantially when natural system fully decoupled from one another support parallel design. Drawing on detailed empirical evidence NASA space robotics field experiment explain how new information introduced the through three addition...

Abstract The crowdsourcing literature has shown that domain experts are not always the best solvers for complex system design problems. Under certain conditions, novices and specialists in adjacent domains can provide novel solutions at lower costs. Additionally, types of different problems dependent on architecture systems. joint consideration solver assignment decomposition, referred to as solver-aware architecting (SASA), expands traditional practices by considering characteristics...

Abstract Prior advances in systems engineering (SE) theory were instrumental defining the discipline and its tools, but are limited perspective. The SE community needs new theoretical to address existing emerging sociotechnical challenges. This communication paper is a product of an NSF/SERC/INCOSE funded workshop on building with focus use abstraction elaboration. overarching goals twofold. First, illustrate nuances complexities process emphasis developing about rather than particular...

Abstract This article proposes the solver-aware system architecting framework for leveraging combined strengths of experts, crowds and specialists to design innovative complex systems. Although theory has extensively explored relationship between alternative architecture forms performance under operational uncertainty, limited attention been paid differences due who generates solutions. The recent rise in solving methods, from gig workers crowdsourcing novel contracting structures emphasises...

Abstract In an increasingly interconnected & cyber-physical world, the ability to coherently measure and manage complexity is vital for engineering design systems community. To this end, numerous measures have been promulgated in literature, yet these differ terms of their intellectual foundations perspectives, with limited cross-validation among them. paper, we propose a framework benchmarking status quo existing measurement approaches alignment commonly-held beliefs literature. We...

ABSTRACT Decomposition is a critical enabler of complex system development, as it enables both task specialization and efficiency through parallel work. The process decomposing involves partitioning parameters into tightly coupled modules managing any cross‐module coupling by designing passive interfaces or active coordination. A rich literature has developed algorithms tools to support this process. However, we contend that view placed too much emphasis on module selection, not enough the...

Abstract The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) has initiated a Future of (FuSE) program that includes stream for advancing the theoretical foundations discipline (SE). A near‐term goal FuSE is to assess adequacy current SE. SE converging toward model‐based practices (i.e., MBSE) have not yet reached maturity in other engineering domains. For example, finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics are grounded mathematical theory, while, generally, MBSE not....

Abstract While the engineering design research community has developed numerous models for early-stage over years, these explore space corresponding to dominant solution in domain. These work well making predictions designs by experts within an organization, but they cannot compare solutions that use alternative principles solve same problem. With increasing popularity of open innovation and crowdsourcing organizations, it is important value non-traditional from solvers make informed...

Abstract Decomposition is a dominant design strategy because it enables complex problems to be broken up into more manageable modules. However, although well known that systems are rarely fully decomposable, much of the decomposition literature framed around reordering or clustering processes optimize an objective function yield module assignment. As illustrated in this study, these approaches overlook fact decoupling partially decomposeable modules can require significant additional work,...