Sex hormone concentrations of eumenorrheic women typically fluctuate across the menstrual cycle and can affect neural function such that estrogen has neuroexcitatory effects, progesterone induces inhibition. However, effects these changes on corticospinal intracortical circuitry motor performance knee extensors are unknown. The present two-part investigation aimed to 1) determine measurement error an exercise task, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-, nerve (MNS)-derived responses in...

Females demonstrate greater fatigue resistance than males during contractions at intensities relative to maximum force. However, previous studies have not accounted for the influence of metabolic thresholds on fatigability. This study is first test whether sex differences in fatigability exist when exercise intensity normalised a threshold: critical derived from assessment intensity-duration relationship intermittent, isometric knee extensor contractions. We show that females occurred higher...

Key points Knee‐extensors demonstrate greater fatigue resistance in females compared to males during single‐limb and whole‐body exercise. For exercise, the intensity–duration relationship is different between sexes, with sustaining a relative intensity of This study established power–duration cycling, then assessed fatigability critical power‐matched exercise within heavy severe domains. When power curvature constant were expressed maximal ramp test power, no sex difference was observed. No...

Grabow, L, Young, JD, Alcock, LR, Quigley, PJ, Byrne, JM, Granacher, U, Škarabot, J, and Behm, DG. Higher quadriceps roller massage forces do not amplify range-of-motion increases nor impair strength jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3059-3069, 2018-Roller (RM) has been reported to increase range of motion (ROM) without subsequent performance decrements. However, the effects different rolling have examined. The purpose this study was compare sham (RMsham), moderate (RMmod), high...

Persistent inward currents (PICs) are crucial for initiation, acceleration, and maintenance of motoneuron firing. As PICs highly sensitive to synaptic inhibition facilitated by serotonin noradrenaline, we hypothesised that both reciprocal (RI) induced antagonist nerve stimulation whole-body relaxation (WBR) would reduce in humans. To test this, estimated using the well-established paired motor unit (MU) technique. High-density surface electromyograms were recorded from gastrocnemius medialis...

Abstract Although muscle atrophy may partially account for age-related strength decline, it is further influenced by alterations of neural input to muscle. Persistent inward currents (PIC) and the level common synaptic inputs motoneurons influence neuromuscular function. However, these have not yet been described in aged human quadriceps. High-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) signals were collected from vastus lateralis 15 young (mean ± SD, 23 5 y) older (67 9 men during submaximal...

New Findings What is the central question of study? Are corticospinal responses to acute and short-term squat resistance training task-specific? main finding its importance? A single bout increased spinal excitability, but no changes in were noted following 4 weeks despite task-specific increases strength. The present data suggest that processes along pathway knee extensors play a limited role increase strength training. Abstract Neural adaptations subserving have been shown be...

We describe a novel application of methodology for high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) decomposition to identify motor unit (MU) firings in response transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The method is based on the MU filter estimation from HDsEMG with convolution kernel compensation during voluntary isometric contractions and its elicited by TMS. First, we simulated synthetic signals followed evoked potentials (MEPs) recruiting an increasing proportion pool. filters their...

Self-massage is a ubiquitous intervention similar to massage, but performed by the recipient him- or herself rather than therapist, most often using tool (e.g., foam roller, roller massager). has been found have wide range of effects. It particularly known for increasing flexibility acutely, although not always. The variability results in previous studies may potentially be function used. Recent findings also suggest that self-massage exerts global Therefore, increased should expected areas...

In a large sample of long-term resistance-trained individuals, we showed greater maximal M-wave amplitude the elbow flexors and knee extensors compared with untrained which appears to be at least partially mediated by differences in muscle size. The lack group voluntary EMG when normalized suggests that morphology might impair interpretation as an index central neural activity.

Motor unit discharge characteristics are a key determinant of rate force development in humans, but the neural substrate(s) underpinning such output remains unknown. Using decomposition high-density electromyogram, we show greater number discharges per motor second and after startling auditory stimulus. These observations suggest possible subcortical contribution to maximal vivo adult humans.

ABSTRACT Transformation of motor commands via a unit (MU) into mechanical actions muscle fibres is non-linear function influenced by ionotropic excitatory/inhibitory and neuromodulatory inputs. Neuromodulatory inputs facilitate dendritic persistent inward currents on motoneurons, which introduce non-linearities in MU discharge patterns allowing estimation the structure commands. We investigated relative contribution neuromodulation pattern inhibition to human with increasing contraction...

ABSTRACT Males and females exhibit comparable levels of explosive strength if the rate torque development (RTD) is considered relative to maximal voluntary isometric (MVT). Given greater proportion type I II fibers area in muscles than males (~20% tibialis anterior muscle), with slower contractile kinetics, discharge motor units (MUDR) efforts may be higher compensate for muscle properties. Yet, it date unknown whether sex differences MUDR exist. Twenty‐two 12 (20–34 years) performed...

Foam rolling (FR) is a ubiquitous intervention utilised for the purpose of acutely increasing range motion without subsequent decreases in performance. Thus, it commonly used during periworkout period-that is, prior to, during, or after an athlete's workout.This study investigated how different FR durations applied to quadriceps interset rest periods affects numbers repetitions knee extension exercise.Twenty-five females completed four sets extensions with 10 maximum load concentric failure...

To examine the effects of acute curcumin (CURC) supplementation on recovery from a soccer match in male professional players.In randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 11 players under-23 team an English Premier League club (age 19 [1] y, body mass 79.4 [7.9] kg, height 180.8 [5.7] cm) consumed 500 mg CURC or control (medium-chain triglycerides) immediately and 12 36 hours after 90-minute match. Countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), delayed-onset muscle...