Sequences of ultrashort pulses form the basis extremely precise laser applications ranging from femtosecond spectroscopy, to material microprocessing, biomedical imaging. Dynamic patterns temporal solitons—termed “soliton molecules”—inside mode-locked cavities provide yet unexplored means for generating reconfigurable arrangements pulses. Here, we demonstrate external control solitonic bound states in widespread erbium-doped fiber lasers via direct electronic modulation semiconductor pump...

Abstract Femtosecond frequency combs are among the most precise measurement tools in existence. They have applications ranging from high‐precision spectroscopy and metrology to time‐domain quantum physics. Maximizing passive stability of these instruments is essential achieve their full potential fundamental science high‐tech industry. However, noise mechanisms across entire operating space devices not been fully characterized. Here properties fiber‐based studied as a function intracavity...

Detecting the electric-field waveform of an optical pulse from terahertz to visible spectral domain provides a complete characterization average field and holds great potential for quantum optics, time-domain (including frequency-comb) spectroscopy, high-harmonic generation, attosecond science, name few. The field-resolved measurements can be performed using electro-optic sampling, where laser is characterized through interaction with another much shorter duration. measured train must...

Abstract Measuring an electric field waveform beyond radio frequencies is often accomplished via a second-order nonlinear interaction with laser pulse shorter than half of the field’s oscillation period. However, synthesizing such gate extremely challenging when sampling mid- (MIR) and near- (NIR) infrared transients. Here, we demonstrate alternative approach: third-order relatively long multi-cycle directly retrieves electric-field transient whose central frequency 156 THz. A theoretical...

Moth-eye structures are patterned onto gallium selenide surfaces with sub-micrometer precision. In this way, Fresnel reflection losses suppressed to below one percent within an ultrabroad optical bandwidth from 15 65 THz. We tune the geometry by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Subsequently, ablation a Ga+ ion beam serves write optimized in areas covering 30 μm. The benefits demonstrated via rectification of femtosecond laser pulses under tight focusing, resulting emission phase-stable...

Compact and broadband mid-infrared (MIR) sources are in high demand because of a wide range potential applications such as molecular sensing the fingerprint region. The generation coherent MIR radiation at arbitrary frequencies typically requires nonlinear mixing between least two input waves, which is often cumbersome to implement. We present an integrated and, therefore, adjustment-free solution combining few-femtosecond pulse compression germanosilicate optical fiber rectification. To...

Measuring an electric field waveform beyond radio frequencies is often accomplished via a second-order nonlinear interaction with laser pulse shorter than half of the field's oscillation period. However, synthesizing such gate extremely challenging when sampling mid- (MIR) and near- (NIR) infrared transients. Here, we demonstrate alternative approach: third-order relatively long multi-cycle directly retrieves electric-field transient whose central frequency 156 THz. A theoretical model,...

Exploiting the interplay between cavity dispersion and pump power, we minimize phase noise in mode-locked laser systems. Free-running femtosecond frequency combs with few-to sub-kHz linewidths over their entire ultrabroadband spectrum are demonstrated.

We report field-resolved detection of few-cycle pulses generated by a subharmonic optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with an octave-wide spectrum centered at 4 µm using near-infrared probe phase-locked to the OPO output.

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) are among the most accurate measurement tools available. They based on mode-locked lasers and emit a spectrum of equidistant lines separated by repetition rate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{r}$</tex> cavity. The complete comb is shifted from origin carrier-envelope offset xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{CEO}$</tex> . Various noise sources affect width individual teeth ultimately...

Ultrabroadband electro-optic sampling (EOS) provides direct access to phase-locked electric-field transients in the mid infrared. So far, these waveforms were generated by single-pass optical rectification [1] or ultrafast electronic transport [2]. Here, we exploit EOS characterize intense output a system with feedback – an parametric oscillator (OPO) operating subharmonic regime.

Detecting the electric-field waveform of an optical pulse, from terahertz to visible spectral domain, provides a complete picture for laser-source characterization and has great potential sensitive spectroscopy. To perform field-resolved measurements, pulse train must consist identical pulses – including equal carrier-envelope phase (CEP). However, due limited selection broadband gain media, producing CEP-stable sources in desired range requires nonlinear energy conversion processes that are...

Detecting the electric-field waveform of an optical pulse, from terahertz to visible spectral domain, provides a complete picture for laser-source characterization and has great potential sensitive spectroscopy. To perform field-resolved measurements, pulse train must consist identical pulses – including equal carrier-envelope phase (CEP). However, due limited selection broadband gain media, producing CEP-stable sources in desired range requires nonlinear energy conversion processes that are...

Stable arrangements of temporal solitons are reported for essentially every implementation femtosecond fiber lasers. Their formation can be tracked with today's real-time instrumentation. However, the underlying interaction mechanism frequently remained elusive and predictions soliton separations in actual sources often missing. Here, we present experimental analysis bound-state trajectories a Er:fiber laser reveal universal coupling mechanism. We demonstrate all-electronic switching between...

We demonstrate a time-domain technique for phase-sensitive detection of mid-to-near-infrared electric transients. Exploiting third-order nonlinearities, limitations electro-optic sampling like few-femtosecond probe pulses and carrier-envelope phase stability are circumvented.

Minimizing losses and suppression of reflection-induced echos in thin nonlinear crystals is critical importance to both classical time-domain spectroscopy quantum electrodynamics [1] . GaSe represents an important material this context. However, it challenging coat manipulate using macroscopic methods due its van-der-Waals-bonded structure hexagonal monolayers atomically flat surfaces. At least, some progress relying on femtosecond laser ablation was demonstrated recently [2]