This paper presents simple and convenient generalized Minkowski metrics on the multidimensional feature space in which coordinate axes are associated with not only quantitative features but also qualitative structural features. The defined a new mathematical model (U/sup (d/),[+], [X]) is called simply Cartesian model, where U/sup (d/) permits mixed types, [+] join operator yields description for given descriptions (d/), [X] meet extracts common from (d/). To illustrate effectiveness of our...

In strabismus clinics, stereoscopic depth perception is usually examined using static stimuli, but these stimuli do not necessarily allow assessment of the ability to perceive motion in depth. We assessed motion-in-depth a novel stereo test that we developed and compared with conventional strabismic patients.To investigate patients strabismus, four types computer-generated dynamic visual stimuli. Three them are random dot stereograms two parallel planes moving The patient asked indicate...

We investigated the effect of attention on flash-lag (FLE) in order to determine whether FLE can be used estimate visual attention. The is that a flash aligned with moving object perceived lag object, and several studies have shown reduces its magnitude. measured as function number or speed objects. results showed cueing, which we attributed attention, increased monotonically This suggests amount estimated by measuring FLE, assuming more required for larger faster objects attend. On basis...

We investigated how the mechanism for perceiving motion-in-depth based on interocular velocity differences (IOVDs) integrates signals from motion spatial frequency (SF) channels. focused question whether this integration is implemented before or after comparison of two eyes. measured selectivity MAE in depth (3D MAE). The 3D showed little selectivity, whereas 2D lateral clear same condition. This indicates that outputs monocular SF channels are combined analyzing IOVD. presumption was...

Background Facial skin pigmentation is one of the most prominent visible features aging and often affects perception health beauty. To date, facial has been evaluated using various image analysis methods developed for cosmetic esthetic fields. However, existing cannot provide precise information on pigmented spots, such as variations in size, color shade, distribution pattern. The purpose this study development evaluation to analyze individual spots acquire detailed their age‐related...

This paper proposes a globular magnetic actuator of new type that exhibits very high thrusting force and is capable reversible motion in complex pipe. The the due to opening closing compound material by using elongation contraction four shape-memory-alloy (SMA) coils was fabricated. moves difference frictional between forward backward supporting material. Experimental result shows prototype able climb at 18 mm/s straight pipe when pulling load mass 24 g. In addition, measurement an average...

Finding damage inside pipes is important for the inspection of used in nuclear power plants and chemical plants. A number studies have investigated mechanisms an actuator with electric cable to provide locomotion through various devices pipes. wireless capable movement narrow several millimeters diameter has not yet been developed. This paper proposes a novel magnetic new propulsion module that exhibits very high thrusting force thin pipe by motion principle. Including this principle, we...

Abstract We investigated the low-level motion mechanisms for color and luminance their integration process using 2D 3D aftereffects (MAEs). The MAEs obtained in equiluminant gratings showed that visual system has mechanism as well motion. MAE is an depth after monocular adaptation. Apparent can be perceived prolonged exposure of one eye to lateral because difference signal between adapted unadapted eyes generates interocular velocity differences (IOVDs). Since IOVDs cannot analyzed by...

In recent years, periodical inspection of large structures, such as steel bridges with main towers over 200 m, has been necessary. However, robots capable a reciprocating movement long range have not established yet. this paper, propulsion module bobbin-type electromagnet to increase the magnetic force was proposed. By changing circuit, experimental result demonstrates that maximum efficiency actuator is 36.2% and pulling power ~1.5 N. Furthermore, consideration by using two mass-spring...

Luminous-efficiency functions for small fields were measured with flicker photometry and heterochromatic brightness-matching methods the same two subjects. For larger stimuli (22.9 11.5'), luminous-efficiency differed between methods. Those obtained by showed a simple narrow shape, whereas those brightness matching increased sensitivity at short long wavelengths. The difference however, decreased as stimulus was reduced to 2.3', converged curves that resemble CIE V (lambda ) or Judd's...

This paper proposes a new type of cableless magnetic actuator that exhibits high speed locomotion and considers reversible motion the due to control field by using coils outside pipe. contains mechanical inverter directly transforms dc from button batteries into ac. The dc-ac incorporates mass-spring system curved beam with concentrated mass switches under an electromagnetic force. is moved inertia force resonance energy. Experimental result shows able move upward at 16.5 mm/s 10 when...

This paper proposes a new type of magnetic actuator that operates on resonance energy mass-spring model by using an electromagnetic force. The is moved the difference in inertia force during one period vibration. Experimental result demonstrates horizontal speed was 7.4 mm/s with load mass 50 g. We considered method cable-free movement two iron rails and four permanent magnets. able to move stably ceiling plane wall plane. materials only function generator power amplifier.

This paper proposes a magnetic actuator capable of movement on substance by means the inertia force produced vibration mass-spring model. The is operated difference in frictional during one period vibration. experimental results reveal that this able to pull load mass 110 g. Furthermore, propel approximately 8.5 times weight itself. maximum efficiency was 12.9% for an pulling its own weight. also demonstrate can move stably slide-on-ceiling and wall-climbing plane motions. freely without...

[Purpose] Two binocular mechanisms to see motion in depth are known. One is that based on disparity change time and the other inter-ocular velocity differences (IOVDs). To investigate spatial frequency properties of IOVD mechanism, we developed a technique isolate mechanism from other. [Experiment] In developed, one eye exposed horizontal (adaptation phase), following which static stimulus presented binocularly (test phase). Monocular MAE adapted should generate IOVDs binocularly. If...

This paper proposes a magnetic actuator of new type that exhibits very high thrusting force and is capable reversible motion in complex pipe. The the due to opening closing compound material by using elongation contraction four shape-memory-alloy (SMA) coils was fabricated. difference frictional between forward backward propels only one direction. Experimental result shows prototype able climb at 38.7 mm/s straight pipe when pulling load mass 50 g. In addition, measurement an average speed...

This paper proposes a novel cableless magnetic actuator with new propulsion module that exhibits very high thrusting force and is capable of locomotion in thin pipe by means motion principle. The moved according to the vibration amplitude elastic energy mass-spring system due mechanical resonance energy. proposed contains an electrical inverter directly transforms dc from button batteries into ac. dc-ac incorporates system, reed switch, curved permanent magnet switches under electromagnetic...

In every country, the construction of large steel bridges, such as cable-stayed is carried out actively, and number bridges has been progressively increasing. case inspections must be five years. Because frequent are required, working robots capable performing in difficult environments would very useful. This paper proposes a vibration actuator with simple structure movement on magnetic substance via inertial force mass–spring model. Through theoretical analysis using energy method, it was...

Recently, the demand for more accurate, productive, and economical robot manipulators is increasing in robotics industry. However, a manipulator will produce kinematic errors during production. Thus low-cost calibration demanded. Moreover, environmental mapping also demanded to plan motions of manipulator. In this paper, we proposed simultaneous calibration, localization, (SKCLAM) method, which can simultaneously calibrate parameters an industrial using commercial RGB-D camera attached its...

This paper examines the visualization of symbolic data and considers challenges rising from its complex structure. Symbolic is usually aggregated large sets used to hide entry specific details transform huge amounts (like big data) into analyzable quantities. It also offer an overview in places where general trends are more important than individual details. comes many forms like intervals, histograms, categories modal multi-valued objects. can be considered as a distribution. Currently, de...

In this paper, we propose a new type of magnetic actuator that is capable inspecting complex pipes having inner diameters ranging from 33 to 40 mm using phase control with multiple electromagnetic vibration components. Using the three components loaded in actuator, movement properties pipe were improved. An experiment determine motion principles was performed, and validity obtained results verified. Movement speeds horizontal vertical directions T junction measured for an input current 0.28...

This paper proposes a magnetic actuator using multiple vibrating components to perform inspection in complex pipe with T-junction. The is capable of reversible movement due the opening and closing compound material by elongation contraction shape-memory-alloy coils. undergoes linear rotational based on difference frictional force between forward backward material. Measurement average speed was carried out T-junction section. experimental results show that maximum prototype 16 degree/s an...

Finding damage inside pipes is important for the inspection of complex used in nuclear power plants and chemical plants. A number studies have investigated mechanisms an actuator with electric cable to provide locomotion through various devices pipes. An in-pipe robot capable movement narrow has not yet been developed. In present paper, we propose a globular magnetic group that exhibits very high thrust force free reversible motion Two actuators same size characteristics are coupled by...

It is important to inspect pipes used in nuclear power plants and reactors. A number of studies have investigated various locomotion mechanisms robots controlled by electric cables pipes. cableless actuator capable movement narrow less than 15 mm has not yet been developed. The present paper proposes a novel magnetic with propulsion module that exhibits high thrusting force. effect the forces generated two different modules on was theoretically experimentally. proposed includes an electrical...