Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, microtomography ultrasonic velocity measurements were used to characterize microstructures anisotropy of three deeply buried Qusaiba shales from the Rub’al-Khali basin, Saudi Arabia. Kaolinite, illite-smectite, illite-mica chlorite show strong preferred orientation with (001) pole figure maxima perpendicular bedding plane ranging 2.4–6.8 multiples a random distribution (m.r.d.). Quartz, feldspars pyrite crystals...

The pleistocenic landscape in North Europe, Asia and America is spotted with thousands of natural ponds called kettle holes. They are biological biogeochemical hotspots. Due to small size, perimeter shallow depth processes holes closely linked the dynamics emissions terrestrial environment. On other hand, their intriguing high spatial temporal variability makes a sound understanding terrestrial-aquatic link very difficult. It presumed that intensive agricultural land use during last decades...

China is undergoing a rapid transition from rural to urban dominated economy. Economy booming, social structures are changing, ecosystems stressed, and sustainability challenged. We analysed the socioeconomic environmental vulnerability of river systems that entirely or partly located in continental part China. One-third mankind inhabit area covered by this study. Six stress factors (governance, economy, issues, environment, hazards water stress) were separately combination as an overall...

Abstract. Groundwater levels are monitored by environmental agencies to support the sustainable use of groundwater resources. For this purpose continuous and spatially comprehensive monitoring in high spatial temporal resolution is desired. This leads large datasets that have be checked for quality analysed distinguish local anthropogenic influences from natural variability level dynamics at each well. Both technical problems with measurements as well can lead anomalies hydrographs. We...

Abstract. In hydrological models, parameters are used to represent the time-invariant characteristics of catchments and capture different aspects response. Hence, model need be identified based on their role in controlling behaviour. For identification meaningful parameter values, multiple complementary performance criteria that compare modelled measured discharge time series. The reliability hydrologically values depends how distinctly a can assigned one criteria. To investigate this, we...

The acoustic properties of a single-stage centrifugal pump with low specific speed are investigated by means compressible 3D CFD simulations (URANS) and experiments. In order to determine the pump’s transmission excitation characteristics, four-pole approach in frequency domain is used. parameters determined simulation compared experiments water air as functions Helmholtz number. results indicate that characteristics within significantly influenced structural compliance volute casing terms...

Stream restoration aims at an enhancement of ecological habitats, increase water retention within a landscape and sometimes even improvement biogeochemical functions lotic ecosystems. For the latter, good exchange between groundwater stream is often considered to be major importance. In this study hydraulic connectivity river aquifer was investigated for four years period, covering old oxbow after second year. The became reconnected clogging layer in excavated. We expected increasing stream,...

Abstract. Globally, there have been many extreme weather events in recent decades. A challenge has to determine whether these increased number and intensity compared the past. This is made more difficult due lack of long-term instrumental data, particularly terms river discharge, regions including Southeast Asia. Thus our main aim this paper develop a basin scale approach for assessing interannual hydrometeorological discharge variability on long, palaeological, time scales. For development...

Abstract A compressible finite volume Navier–Stokes flow solver is coupled to a method of characteristics for the seamless turbulent simulation entire pump systems. For pump, three-dimensional (3D) simulations including cavitating conditions are performed, and piping treated one-dimensional (1D) by characteristics. Thus, classical boundary at suction pressure pipe 3D computational domain substituted two-way 1D method. Particular emphasis has been placed on non-reflecting properties 3D–1D...

We have measured the stress, stress‐path, and pore‐pressure dependence of p‐wave velocities different shales. In good approximation, for small deformations, vertical velocity changes are proportional to in effective stress. For low‐permeability, undrained formations such as shales, it has been well established that pore pressures change a function mean‐total stress deviatoric changes. Analytical finite‐element geomechanical modeling, linear‐elastic, isotropic half space, demonstrate...

Abstract Physical models are a well‐established tool in education to strengthen hydrological understanding. They facilitate the straightforward visualization of processes and allow communication concepts, research questions general interest public. In order visualize water cycle landscape postglacial sediments, particular subsurface part, physical model was constructed. two videos, (1) detailed construction manual (2) examples concepts presented. With our contribution, we like encourage...

Abstract. During recent decades the Mekong River has experienced substantial interannual variations between droughts and major floods. The causes of these have been sought in climate change dam construction. However, so far little research addressed whether are significantly different to long-term past. Hence, aim our paper is place floods into a historical paleoclimatological context. To achieve this we analysed Mekong's meteorological conditions over period 1300–2005 with basin scale...

Abstract. Groundwater level data is monitored by environmental agencies to support sustainable use of groundwater resources. For this purpose a high spatial coverage the monitoring networks and continuous in temporal resolution desired. This leads large sets that have be quality checked analysed distinguish local anthropogenic influences from natural variability dynamics at each well. Both technical problems with measurements as well can lead anomalies hydrographs. We suggest fast efficient...

Abstract. Time series of groundwater and stream water quality often exhibit substantial temporal spatial variability, whereas typical existing monitoring data sets, e.g. from environmental agencies, are usually characterized by relatively low sampling frequency irregular in space and/or time. This complicates the differentiation between anthropogenic influence natural variability as well detection changes which indicate single drivers. We suggest new term “dominant changes” for multivariate...

Abstract. In hydrological models, parameters are used to adapt the model conditions of catchments. Hereby, need be identified based on their role in controlling behaviour model. For parameter identification, multiple and complementary performance criteria used, which have capture different aspects response A reliable identification depends how distinctly a can assigned one criteria. We introduce an analysis that reveals connective strength between The assesses intensity inter-relationship...

Subject of discussion are simulations and experimental investigations on the acoustic characterization three single stage centrifugal pumps different specific speed. In operation, these pump-types generate pressure pulsation at blade passing frequency, primarily due to rotor-volute-interaction. order determine excitation it is necessary know about pumps’ transmission parameters. this paper, a one-dimensional numerical model for transient time-domain simulation presented, which takes into...

Figure S1 Stability of the spatial PC patterns as in 4 but for 9.

Abstract. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of synchronous time series one variable, e.g. water level or discharge, measured at multiple locations, has been applied in a wide spectrum hydrological analyses. Components (PCs) were used regionalisation and to identify dominant modes, signals, processes other properties the analysed system. The possibility that PCs such analysis can exhibit domain dependence (DD) found only little recognition PCA literature so far. DD describes situation which...